Models, Methods, and Artifacts Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to project management models, methods, and artifacts to aid in exam preparation.

What is a model in project management?

A model is a thinking strategy to explain a process, framework, or phenomenon.

What is a method in project management?

A method is the means for achieving an outcome, output, result, or project deliverable.

What constitutes an artifact in project management?

An artifact can be a template, document, output, or project deliverable.

What should project teams consider when using models and methods?

Teams should consider costs related to time, expertise, and productivity, and avoid unnecessary efforts.

What is the Situational Leadership® II model?

It measures project team member development using competence and commitment as the two main variables.

What does the OSCAR model help with?

It helps individuals adapt their coaching or leadership styles to support personal development.

What are the five factors of the OSCAR model?

Outcome, Situation, Choices/Consequences, Actions, Review.

What is the key focus of communication models in project management?

They demonstrate concepts of how sender and receiver frames of reference impact communication effectiveness.

Who developed the Cross-Cultural Communication model?

Browaeys and Price.

What does Alistair Cockburn's communication channels model describe?

It describes communication along the axes of effectiveness and richness.

What are the two types of gulfs described by Donald Norman?

Gulf of Execution and Gulf of Evaluation.

What are the main motivational factors according to Herzberg?

Motivational factors and hygiene factors.

What are intrinsic motivators as identified by Daniel Pink?

Autonomy, Mastery, Purpose.

What does McClellan's model of needs encompass?

Achievement, Power, Affiliation.

What does Theory X assume about individuals?

Individuals work solely for income; they are not ambitious.

What is the primary goal of the ADKAR model?

It focuses on five sequential steps that individuals undergo when adapting to change.

What is the first step in John Kotter's 8-Step Process for Leading Change?

Create urgency.

What are the stages of Virginia Satir's Change Model?

Late status quo, foreign element, chaos, transforming idea, practice and integration, new status quo.

What is the primary focus of the Cynefin framework?

It aids in diagnosing cause-and-effect relationships as a decision-making tool.

What does the Stacey Matrix help determine?

The relative complexity of a project based on uncertainty of requirements and technology.

What are the stages in Tuckman's Ladder of team development?

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning.

What does the Drexler/Sibbet Team Performance Model emphasize?

The stages of creating and sustaining a high-performing project team.

What are the conflict resolution styles according to Thomas and Kilmann?

Confronting, Collaborating, Compromising, Smoothing, Forcing, Withdrawing.

What does Covey's 'Think Win-Win' principle advocate?

It seeks optimal outcomes where each person is satisfied in negotiations.

What is Boehm's model about in project planning?

It compares time and effort invested in developing plans to reduce risk.

What are the five Process Groups in project management?

Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, Closing.

What is the Salience Model used for?

It identifies stakeholders based on their power, legitimacy, and urgency in relation to the project.

How do models apply across performance domains?

Different models are applicable depending on project performance needs and stakeholder context.

What is the purpose of the 'Managing Change in Organizations' model?

To understand and facilitate the process of change through various interconnected elements.

A model is a strategy to explain a process, framework, or phenomenon.

thinking

A method is the means for achieving an , output, result, or project deliverable.

outcome

An artifact can be a template, document, output, or project .

deliverable

Project teams should consider costs related to time, expertise, and __, and avoid unnecessary efforts.

productivity

The Situational Leadership® II model measures project team member development using competence and __ as the two main variables.

commitment

The OSCAR model helps individuals adapt their or leadership styles to support personal development.

coaching

The five factors of the OSCAR model are Outcome, Situation, Choices/Consequences, Actions, and __.

Review

Communication models demonstrate concepts of how sender and receiver frames of impact communication effectiveness.

reference

The Cross-Cultural Communication model was developed by __ and Price.

Browaeys

Alistair Cockburn's communication channels model describes communication along the axes of effectiveness and __.

richness

The two types of gulfs described by Donald Norman are Gulf of __ and Gulf of Evaluation.

Execution

According to Herzberg, the main motivational factors are motivational factors and __ factors.

hygiene

Intrinsic motivators as identified by Daniel Pink include Autonomy, Mastery, and __.

Purpose

McClellan's model of needs encompasses Achievement, Power, and __.

Affiliation

Theory X assumes that individuals work solely for income; they are not __.

ambitious

The primary goal of the ADKAR model focuses on five sequential steps that individuals undergo when adapting to __.

change

The __ Leadership® II model focuses on the development of project team members.

Situational

The __ model helps individuals to improve their coaching style for personal development.

OSCAR

Communication models in project management focus on the frames of __ between senders and receivers.

reference

Browaeys and __ developed the Cross-Cultural Communication model.

Price

The communication channels model by Alistair Cockburn describes effectiveness and __.

richness

Donald Norman describes two types of gulfs: Gulf of Execution and Gulf of __.

Evaluation

Herzberg's theory differentiates between motivational factors and __ factors.

hygiene

Daniel Pink identifies three intrinsic motivators: Autonomy, Mastery, and __.

Purpose

McClellan's model categorizes needs into Achievement, Power, and __.

Affiliation

Theory X represents the assumption that individuals are not __ and only work for income.

ambitious

The ADKAR model outlines steps individuals face when responding to __.

change

Tuckman's Ladder of team development includes stages such as Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and __.

Adjourning

The Cynefin framework aids decision-making by diagnosing __ relationships.

cause-and-effect

The __ Matrix is used to assess project complexity based on uncertainty.

Stacey

The __ Model provides a structure for understanding team performance.

Drexler/Sibbet