Unit 1 - Period 1: 1491 - 1607

What initiated lasting contact between people on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean in world history?

Columbus's first voyage in 1492.

What was a significant outcome of the Jamestown settlement?

It marked the beginning of the framework of a new nation.

What were the three main motives for European exploration as summarized by 'God, Gold, and Glory'?

Desire to spread Christianity, desire to become wealthy, and desire for national prestige.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A transatlantic trade of animals, plants, and germs that significantly changed life across the world.

How much did the population of native people decline in America after the arrival of Europeans?

It declined by 90% within a century.

What economic system was formed in the Spanish colonies that exploited native labor?

The encomienda system.

What was the impact of Christopher Columbus’s voyages on indigenous populations?

They faced disease and exploitation, leading to a dramatic decline in their numbers.

What is one major reason that Europeans sought new trade routes in the 15th century?

To avoid the land routes controlled by the Ottoman Turks after they took Constantinople.

Who were the primary colonizers that developed economies reliant on native and enslaved African labor?

Spanish and Portuguese explorers.

What was the role of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

It established the claims of Spain and Portugal over their respective territories in the Americas.

What was the primary labor force in the Spanish colonies?

Enslaved Africans and native peoples.

What were the main driving forces behind the rise of capitalism in Europe during this period?

Population growth, new resources, and trade opportunities from the Americas.

What were some cultural developments in North America before European contact?

Diverse tribes developed their own cultures, languages, and adaptations to their environments.

What significant social structure developed within Spanish colonies due to ethnic diversity?

A caste system that defined status by heritage.

What change did Bartolome de Las Casas advocate for in colonial policy?

He fought for better treatment of Native Americans and urged the king to institute New Laws of 1542.

How did European perspectives of Native Americans differ among the Spanish, English, and French?

Spanish viewed them as subjects to exploit; English saw them as obstacles; French viewed them as allies.