Lecture 3.3: DATA PRESENTATION METHODS

Textual Presentation

• Data incorporates important figures in a paragraph of text.

• Simplest and most appropriate approach when there are only a few numbers to be

presented

• Gives emphasis to significant figures and comparisons

• When a large mass of quantitative data is included in a text or paragraph, the presentation

becomes almost incomprehensible.

• Written paragraphs can be tiresome to read, especially if the same words are repeated so

many times.

Tabular Presentation

o the systematic organization of data in rows and columns

o More concise than textual presentation

o Easy to understand

o Presents data in a greater detail than a graph

o Facilitates comparisons and analysis of relationship among different categories

Graph or Chart

a device for showing numerical values or relationships in pictorial form.

o The __________, as a presenting tool, is most suitable when we need to show the results of the study to the general public.

o It is easier to see and understand in graphical form rather than in tabular form.

o It can also be more convincing in supporting our conclusions.

o We construct graphs not only for presentation purposes but also as an initial step in analysis. It can exhibit possible associations among the variables and can facilitate the comparison of different groups.

Line Chart

• Are most commonly used in presenting historical data. Use it when you want to focus on the movement of the series over time. You can also use if you want to compare the trend of two or more time series data.

• Ratio of height to width is recommended to be around 2:3 or 3:4.

Vertical Bar Chart

• Use ________ when presenting time series data that focuses on the magnitude of the series instead of the movement.

• You may also use it if you want to show data changes over a period of time among several items.

Horizontal Bar Chart

• Use when we are concerned in presenting categorical data. Its main purpose is to present magnitude per category.

• The bars should be arranged according to the length of the bars (either ascending or descending). The “Others” section should be the first or last category in the graph.

Pie Charts

• Use _______ to present categorical data but the focus is to show the components parts with respect to the total in terms of the percentage distribution.

• Use ________ when the categories are less than 6. The categories should be arranged according to magnitude. Plot the biggest slice at 12 o’clock. The “Others” section should be plotted last.

Pictograph

• Is useful to get the attention of the reader while providing an overall picture of the data without presenting the exact figures. However, it still allows the comparison of different categories even if we present the approximate values only.

Statistical Map

Is useful in showing statistical data in geographical areas.

• We also call these types of charts as crosshatched maps or shaded maps.

• Geographic areas may be barangays, cities, districts, provinces, or countries. The figures in the map can be ratios, rates, percentages, or indices.