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Leadership function
Main focus or goal of a leader.
Leadership style
Approach used to achieve group goals.
Meritocracy
Advancement based on individual skills and merits.
Out group
Group that an individual does not belong to.
Primary groups
Small, informal groups closest to individuals.
Secondary groups
Larger, task-focused, and time-limited groups.
Triad
A group consisting of three members.
Functionalist perspective
Macro-level view of societal aspects' interrelation.
Conflict perspective
Focus on growth of inequality in society.
Interactionist perspective
Day-to-day interactions within groups.
Aggregate
Collection of individuals in the same location.
Expressive functions
Emotional and supportive roles within a group.
Instrumental functions
Roles focused on tasks and goals.
Reference group
Group individuals compare themselves to.
Laissez-faire leadership
Hands-off approach allowing group autonomy.
Conformity
Compliance with group norms and expectations.
Bystander effect
Reduced likelihood to intervene in emergencies.
Formal organizations
Highly bureaucratic groups like schools or governments.
Normative organizations
Groups formed based on shared interests.
Coercive organizations
Groups individuals are compelled to join.
Total institutions
Controlled environments for inmates or soldiers.
Utilitarian organizations
Groups created for material rewards.
Hierarchy of authority
Chain of command placing individuals in charge.
Division of labor
Specialized tasks assigned to individuals.
Explicit rules
Clearly outlined standards and regulations.
Impersonality
Removal of personal feelings in professional settings.
Iron rule of oligarchy
Governance by a small elite group.
McDonaldization of society
Spread of fast food business model in institutions.
Authoritarian leader
Leader who issues orders and assigns tasks.
Democratic leader
Encourages participation and consensus-building.
Dyad
A group consisting of two members.
Expressive leader
Focuses on emotional well-being of group members.
Group
Collection of at least two interacting individuals.
In-group
Group an individual identifies with and belongs to.
Instrumental leader
Leader focused on task accomplishment.
