ULTIMATE ANAPHY QUIZ HAHAHAHAHAHAHHA (3,4,5,6,7)

Tissue

It is a group of cells with similar structure and function.

It contributes to the functioning of the organs in which it is found.

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

4 types of tissue

Epithelial Tissues

Found on surfaces as either coverings (outer surfaces) or linings (inner surfaces).

blood supply of the connective tissue beneath them

Because epithelial tissues have no capillaries of their own, they tend to receive oxygen and nutrients from the ___.

glandular epithelium

Also known as glands

squamous cells

these cells are flat (shape)

cuboidal cells

these cells are cube shaped (shape)

columnar cells

the cells are tall and narrow (shape)

simple

it is the term for a single layer of cells (number of cells)

stratified

it means that many layers of cells are present (number of cells)

squamous

cuboidal

columnar

simple squamous

one layer of flat cells

simple cuboidal

One layer of cube-shaped cells

simple columnar

one layer of columnar-shaped cells

stratified squamous

Many layers of cells; surface cells flat; lower cells rounded; lower layer undergoes mitosis

transitional

Many layers of cells; surface cells change from rounded to flat

simple squamous

Location:

Alveoli of the lungs-thin to permit diffusion of gases

Capillaries-thin to permit exchanges of materials;

stratified squamous

Location:

Epidermis-surface cells are dead; a barrier to pathogens

Lining of esophagus, vagina-surface cells are living; a barrier to pathogens

transitional

Location:

Lining of urinary bladder-permits expansion without tearing the lining

simple cuboidal

Location:

Thyroid gland-secretes thyroxine

Salivary glands-secrete saliva

Kidney tubules-permit reabsorption of useful materials back to the blood

simple columnar

Location:

Lining of stomach-secretes gastric juice

Lining of small intestine-secretes enzymes and absorbs end products of digestion (microvilli present)

ciliated

Location:

Lining of trachea-sweeps mucus and dust to the pharynx

Lining of fallopian tube-sweeps ovum toward uterus

glands

cells or organs that secrete something

they produce a substance that has a function either at that site or at a more distant site.

unicellular glands

one cell

Their secretion is mucus

unicellular glands

goblet cells are examples of this: Lining of the respiratory and digestive tracts.

multicellular glands

made of many similar cells, or of a variety of cells with their secretions mingled into a collective secretion.

exocrine glands.

endocrine glands.

multicellular glands is divided into two major groups:

exocrine glands

have ducts (tubes) to take the secretion away from the gland to the site of its function.

salivary glands

(exocrine) secrete saliva that is carried by ducts to the oral cavity.

sweat glands

(exocrine) secrete sweat that is transported by ducts to the skin surface, where it can be evaporated by excess body heat.

gastric glands of the stomach

(exocrine) produce hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin.

Both of these secretions are part of gastric juice

endocrine

ductless glands

hormones

the secretions of endocrine glands are a group of chemicals called ___.

connective tissues

presence of a matrix in addition to cells

structural network or solution of nonliving intercellular material.

bones

(ct) primarily of calcium salts, which are hard and strong

blood

Plasma (matrix) and red blood cells,

white blood cells, and platelets

areolar (loose)

Fibroblasts and a matrix of tissue

fluid, collagen, and elastin fibers

adeposine

Adipocytes that store fat (little matrix)

Fibrous

Mostly collagen fibers (matrix) with

few fibroblasts

elastic

mostly elastin fibers (matrix) with few fibroblasts

bone

Osteocytes in a matrix of calcium

salts and collagen

cartilage

Chondrocytes in a flexible protein

matrix

blood

Location: (ct) Within blood vessels

Plasma-transports materials

RBCs-carry oxygen

WBCs-destroy pathogens

Platelets-prevent blood loss

areolar (loose)

Location: (ct) Subcutaneous

Connects skin to muscles; WBCs destroy pathogens Mucous membranes (digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tracts)

adipose

Location: (ct) Subcutaneous

Stores excess energy

Produces chemicals that influence appetite, use of nutrients, and inflammation

Cushion

fibrous

Location: (ct)

Tendons and ligaments (regular)
Strong to withstand forces of movement of joints

Dermis (irregular)
The strong inner layer of the skin

elastic

Location: (ct) Walls of large arteries

Helps maintain blood pressure Around alveoli in lungs

Promotes normal exhalation

bone

Location: (ct) Bones

Support the body

Protect internal organs from mechanical injury

Store excess calcium

cartilage

Location: (ct)

Wall of trachea
Keeps airway open

On joint surfaces of bones
Smooth to prevent friction

Tip of nose and outer ear
Support
Between vertebrae
Absorb shock

muscle tissue

specialized for contraction.

when ___ cells contract, they shorten and bring about some type of movement.

smooth, skeletal, cardiac

types of muscle tissue

skeletal

Large cylindrical cells with striations and several nuclei each

smooth

Small tapered cells with no striations and one nucleus each

cardiac

Branched cells with faint striations and one nucleus each

skeletal

Attached to bones
• Moves the skeleton and produces heat

smooth

Walls of arteries
• Maintains blood pressure
Walls of stomach and intestines
• Peristalsis
Iris of eye
• Regulates size of pupil

cardiac

Walls of the chambers of the heart
• Pumps blood

skeletal

(effects on nerve impulses) Essential to cause contraction (voluntary)

smooth

(effects on nerve impulses) Bring about contraction or regulate the rate of contraction (involuntary)

cardiac

(effects on nerve impulses) Regulate only the rate of contraction

nerve tissues

consists of nerve cells called neurons and some specialized cells found only in the nervous system.

neurons

nerve tissues consists of nerve cells called ___ and some specialized cells found only in the nervous system.

central and peripheral nervous system

two division of the nervous system

central nervous system

The brain and spinal cord are the organs of the ___.

central nervous system

They are made of neurons and specialized cells called neuroglia.

neuroglia

Specialized cells in the central nervous system, Form myelin sheaths and other functions

peripheral nervous system

consists of all of the nerves that emerge from the CNS and supply the rest of the body.

peripheral nervous system

These nerves are made of neurons and specialized cells called Schwann cells.

peripheral nervous system

The Schwann cells form the myelin sheath to electrically insulate neurons.

schwann cells

Specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system, Form the myelin sheaths around neurons

cell body

Neuron (nerve cell) Contains the nucleus, Regulates the functioning of the neuron

axon

Neuron (nerve cell) Cellular process (extension), Carries impulses away from the cell body

dendrites

Neuron (nerve cell) Cellular process (extension), Carry impulses toward the cell body

synapse

Space between axon of one neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the next neuron

synapse

Transmits impulses from one neuron to others

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals released by axons

Neurotransmitters

Transmit impulses across synapses

Membranes

sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces or that separate organs or parts (lobes) of organs from one another.

epithelial and connective membranes

2 major categories of membranes

serous and mucous

2 types of epithelial membranes

Thoracic cavity

partial pleura lines chest wall; visceral pleura covers the lungs.

Pericardial sac

parietal pericardium lines fibrous pericardium; visceral pericardium (epicardium) covers the heart muscle.

Abdominal cavity

peritoneum lines the___; mesentery covers the abdominal organs.

mucous membrane

line body tracts that open to the environment:

respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive.

mucus

keeps the living epithelium wet;

mucus

provides lubrication in the digestive tract;

mucus

traps dust and bacteria in the respiratory tract.

Superficial fascia

• Between the skin and muscles; adipose tissue stores fat

Periosteum

• Covers each bone; contains blood vessels that enter the bone
• Anchors tendons and ligaments

Perichondrium

• Covers cartilage; contains capillaries, the only blood supply for cartilage

Synovial

• Lines joint cavities; secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction when joints move

Deep fascia

• Covers each skeletal muscle; anchors tendons

Meninges

• Cover the brain and spinal cord; contain cerebrospinal fluid

Fibrous pericardium

• Forms a sac around the heart; lined by the serous parietal pericardium

cellular level

aging takes place at the ___, but of course is apparent in the groups of cells we call tissues.

aging in muscle tissue

the proteins that bring about contraction deteriorate and are not repaired or replaced.

aging in Connective tissue

collagen and elastin of the dermis of the skin.

Skin

Largest organ of the body, 15-20% of body weight