[MOD9 - COMMED] Global Warming_2028

Term used to describe the general weather conditions of a place over many years.

Climate

Long-term trend of significant variation of average weather conditions over several decades or more.

Climate Change

Short-term trend of variation in weather conditions.

Natural Weather Variability

Aspect of climate change that describes the recent rise in the global average temperature near the Earth's surface.

Global Warming

Which domain involves understanding the impact of climate change on the infrastructure as well as on the legal and ethical frameworks in which rural and remote health practitioners work?

Domain 6: Professional, Legal, and Ethical Practice

T/F: Effective responses to climate change's impact on Indigenous health should ignore the traditional knowledge of Indigenous communities.

FALSE

__________ _____ trap infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, re-radiating it back and contributing to the Greenhouse Effect.

Greenhouse gases

These are the most important greenhouse gases.

Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor

The primary human activity since the Industrial Revolution that has increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Fossil fuel combustion

The increase of greenhouse gases, mainly from burning fossil fuels, traps more heat in Earth's systems, causing ______ _______.

Global warming

T/F: The STRATOSPHERE is the atmospheric layer where weather occurs and carbon dioxide is trapped, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

FALSE

___________ is a very stable, calm layer of the atmosphere where it is aircrafts can safely travel through, and contains the ozone layer.

Stratosphere

T/F: DECREASED greenhouse gases lead to higher temperatures on land and in the oceans, ice melting, and more extreme weather

FALSE

T/F: METHANE accounts for 64.3% of major greenhouse gases from human activities.

FALSE

T/F: The most common source of greenhouse gases is burning fossil fuels (49%).

TRUE

T/F: Power stations are the largest sector for annual greenhouse gas emissions (21.3%) and carbon dioxide emissions (29.5%).

TRUE

T/F: WASTE DISPOSAL AND TREATMENT contribute significantly to methane (40%) and nitrous oxide (62%) emissions.

FALSE

T/F: Black carbon, methane, tropospheric ozone, and hydrofluorocarbons are potent, short-lived climate pollutants.

TRUE

T/F: Carbon dioxide levels have risen steadily since 1958.

TRUE

T/F: Oceans have absorbed 80% of the extra heat from increasing greenhouse gases.

FALSE

Which mountain's glaciers have significantly retreated, losing 85% of their ice from 1912 to 2006?

Mt. Kilimanjaro

_____ _______ is the phenomenon that causes seawater to expand, leading to rising sea levels.

Ocean Warming

Average annual temperature increase in the Philippines from 1951 to 2010.

0.0108 degrees Celsius per year

The term is used to describe glaciers as an early warning system for climate change, similar to how miners used birds to detect carbon monoxide.

Canaries in coal mines

T/F: The oceans have absorbed about 50% of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases.

FALSE

T/F: Mountain glaciers respond more SLOWLY to temperature changes than polar ice sheets.

FALSE

T/F The number of tropical cyclones in the Philippines has been steadily increasing each decade.

FALSE

T/F The oceans' rate of heating has nearly doubled since 1992.

TRUE

T/F Warming trends are more pronounced at higher altitudes, where most glaciers are located.

TRUE

T/F: Climate change affects storm tracks, winds, and temperature patterns

TRUE

The term used to describe this change in storm tracks, winds, and temperature patterns

Circulation change

The term used to describe human activity that contributes to circulation change.

Anthropogenic forcing

T/F: There has been a slight DECREASE in circulation change in the Visayas during this time period compared to 1971-2000 and 1961-1990.

FALSE

T/F: Hot temperatures will continue to become MORE FREQUENT.

TRUE

Temperature continues to increase above __°C.

35°C

T/F: Hot extremes, heat waves, and heavy precipitation events will continue to become MORE FREQUENT

TRUE

T/F: Future tropical cyclones will become more intense, with large peak wind speeds and more heavy precipitation.

TRUE

T/F: There is less confidence in the decrease of total number.

TRUE

Projected to move poleward with consequent changes in wind, precipitation, and temperature patterns.

Extra-tropical storm tracks

Give one direct effect of climate change on human health.

(1) Heat and cold related illnesses and death

(2) Death injuries, and psychological disorders

Give one indirect effect of climate change on health.

(1) Altered range/pattern of vector-borne diseases

(2) Diarrhea and other infectious diseases

(3) Malnutrition and hunger

(4) Injuries, infections, psychological disorders

(5) Many public health consequences

T/F: The primary risk category of climate change to health is the direct biological effects such as heatwaves and air pollution.

TRUE

Most vulnerable to heat-related illnesses.

The young, elderly, frail, and ill.

Main consequence of extreme temperatures on human health.

Increased hospital admissions for heart-related disorders.

T/F: Climate change affects air pollution through DECREASED ozone formation and allergens.

FALSE

T/F: DECREASED exposure to UV radiation due to climate change causes cancer.

FALSE

T/F: Climate change DECREASES crop productivity, leading to malnutrition.

FALSE

Major sources of air pollution.

Industrial and energy production, dust, transport, agricultural practices, waste management, and household energy.

T/F: Climate change DIRECTLY affects the psychological well-being of a person.

FALSE

Enumerate the two categories of effects of climate change on health.

Direct and Indirect

Three categories of climate change risks to health based on causal pathways

Primary, secondary, and tertiary

Potential health impacts of increased temperature.

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke

Climate change's impact on foodborne illness, nutrition, and security is:

Mostly indirect

Give one potential health impact of waterborne diseases related to climate change.

(1) Increased diarrheal disease

(2) Contamination of surface water

(3) Pressure on agricultural productivity.

Changes in temperature and precipitation affect vector-borne diseases by DIRECTLY affecting ________________ and INDIRECTLY affecting ____________________.

pathogen-host interaction; ecosystem changes and species composition

Give one example of mental health disorders that can result from climate change.

(1) Acute traumatic stress

(2) Depression

(3) Post-traumatic stress disorder

Largest direct health threat from global climate change.

Heat-related mortality

T/F: The human body maintains body temperature in ambient temperatures not exceeding 32°C

TRUE

Individuals with poorer health status in rural and remote communities are most affected by climate change period. Thus, climate change will require new demands on the practitioners' clinical and non-clinical skills. What domain does this fall under?

A. Domain 1: Core Clinical Knowledge and Skills

B. Domain 2: Extended Clinical Practice

C. Domain 3: Emergency Care

D. Domain 4: Population Health

A. Domain 1: Core Clinical Knowledge and Skills

Practitioners are required to respond to the diagnosis of more complex climate-related conditions such as mental health conditions due to population displacement brought about by extended drought. What domain does this fall under?

A. Domain 2: Extended Clinical Practice

B. Domain 3: Emergency Care

C. Domain 5: Indigenous Health

D. Domain 6: Professional, Legal, and Ethical Practice

A. Domain 2: Extended Clinical Practice

James is an aspiring doctor who plans to work in a rural town in South Cotabato, Mindanao. Which domain emphasizes the need to learn about environmental determinants of health in this rural setting?

A. Domain 1: Core Clinical Knowledge and Skills

B. Domain 2: Extended Clinical Practice

C. Domain 6: Professional, Legal, and Ethical Practice

D. Domain 7: Rural and Remote Context

D. Domain 7: Rural and Remote Context

Which domain requires practitioners to have a deeper understanding of how local ecologies and climate change affect the health of their communities, particularly in relation to water and food supplies?

A. Domain 1: Core Clinical Knowledge and Skills

B. Domain 4: Population Health

C. Domain 6: Professional, Legal, and Ethical Practice

D. Domain 7: Rural and Remote Context

B. Domain 4: Population Health

Which domain emphasizes the need for practitioners to work closely with emergency personnel to assess, triage, and manage patients at difficult-to-access sites during climate-related disasters?

A. Domain 2: Extended Clinical Practice

B. Domain 3: Emergency Care

C. Domain 5: Indigenous Health

D. Domain 6: Professional, Legal, and Ethical Practice

B. Domain 3: Emergency Care

Major impact of black carbon:

A. Local/Regional

B. Global

A. Local/Regional

Major impact of methane:

A. Local/Regional

B. Global

B. Global

Source of Tropospheric ozone:

A. Black coal

B. Landfills

C. Air conditioning

D. Methane

D. Methane

Source of Hydrofluorocarbons:

A. Diesel exhaust

B. Carbon monoxide

C. Refrigeration

D. Natural gas

C. Refrigeration

Direct biologic consequences of heat waves, extreme weather events, and temperature-enhanced levels of urban air pollutants.

A. Primary Risk Category

B. Secondary Risk Category

C. Tertiary Risk Category

A. Primary Risk Category

Consequences of tension and conflict owing to climate change-related declines in basic resources (water, food, timber, living space).

A. Primary Risk Category

B. Secondary Risk Category

C. Tertiary Risk Category

C. Tertiary Risk Category

Risks mediated by changes in biophysically and ecologically based processes and systems, particularly food yields, water flows, infectious-disease vectors, and (for zoonotic diseases) intermediate-host ecology.

A. Primary Risk Category

B. Secondary Risk Category

C. Tertiary Risk Category

B. Secondary Risk Category