CBC & BMP Flash Cards ( Patient Assessment Exam 2)

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Overall assessment of the quantity & appearance of the WBCs, RBCs, and platelets.

What is the normal range for white blood cells (WBC) in the body?

4-11 (relative)

What is the main function of white blood cells in the body?

Vital support for the immune system

What condition is indicated by an increase in white blood cells?

Leukocytosis: Bacterial/Viral infections, Inflammation

What condition is indicated by a decrease in white blood cells?

Leukopenia: Bone marrow disorders, infections, autoimmune diseases

What is the normal relative range of monocytes in the blood?

2-11

What is the main function of monocytes in the body?

Plays a key role in clearing the lungs through phagocytosis

What conditions can cause an increase in monocytes?

TB, infectious disease, autoimmune disease

What conditions can cause a decrease in monocytes?

Infectious disease, autoimmune disease

What are the normal ranges of erythrocytes (RBC) in females?

F: 3.8-5.2

What are the normal ranges of erythrocytes (RBC) in males

4.2-6

What is the function of erythrocytes (RBC)?

Carries O2 to tissues with the aid of hemoglobin

What is hypochromia and what condition does it indicate?

Hypochromia is a decrease in color intensity of erythrocytes and indicates anemia

What is polycythemia and what conditions can cause it?

Polycythemia is an increase in the number of erythrocytes; it can be caused by chronic hypoxia and smoking

What is the normal range for thrombocytes (blood platelets)?

150-450

What is the function of thrombocytes (blood platelets)?

Stop bleeding and promote healing

What is thrombocytosis?

Increase in thrombocytes, often seen in infections or inflammation

What is thrombocytopenia?

Decrease in thrombocytes, usually due to bone marrow destruction

What is the normal relative range of lymphocytes in white blood cells (WBC)?

20-45%

What is the function of lymphocytes in the immune system?

Fight viral, fungal, and Tb infections

What are the two main cell types of lymphocytes?

B cells and T cells

What percentage range do B cells typically make up among lymphocytes?

5-20%

What percentage range do T cells typically make up among lymphocytes?

50-85%

What condition is associated with an increase in lymphocytes, particularly seen in viral infections like mononucleosis?

Lymphocytosis

What condition is associated with a decrease in lymphocytes, often seen in immune deficiencies, inflammation, and is an important feature of HIV?

Lymphocytopenia

What percentage of white blood cells are neutrophils?

50-70% (relative)

What is the normal range of neutrophils in the blood?

2500-7000 interval

What is the main function of neutrophils?

Destroy invading microorganisms through phagocytosis

What conditions can lead to an increase in neutrophils (neutrophilia)?

Infection, inflammation, smoking, chronic disease

What conditions can lead to a decrease in neutrophils (neutropenia)?

Bone marrow failure, drugs, chemicals, physical agents

What causes pseudoneutrophilia, an immediate response increase in neutrophils?

Stress, anxiety, trauma, epinephrine administration

Are only circulating neutrophils included in the blood count?

Yes

What is the normal percentage range of eosinophils in white blood cells?

1-3%

What is the normal interval of eosinophils in white blood cells?

30-350

What is the main function of eosinophils in the body?

Plays a role in allergic reactions

What condition is indicated by an increase in eosinophils and is commonly associated with allergic reactions or parasitic infections?

Eosinophilia

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Chemistry test that includes the four major electrolytes, fasting glucose level, two renal-function tests, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine.

What is the normal range of sodium in the body?

135-145 mEq/L

What is the primary extracellular cation?

Sodium (Na+)

How is sodium regulated in the body?

Regulated by the kidney

What causes hypernatremia?

Increased Na+ when the body loses water without salt

What causes hyponatremia?

Excessive water intake or sodium loss

What is the normal range for potassium in the blood?

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

What is the primary intracellular cation that has a close relationship with sodium?

Potassium (K+)

What causes hypokalemia?

Loss of potassium (occurs when fluid is lost)

What causes hyperkalemia?

Increased intake of potassium

What is the normal range of chloride in the body?

98-107 mmol/L

What is the role of chloride in the body?

Maintains acid/base balance and aids in transmitting nerve impulses

What is hypochloremia?

Decrease in chloride levels, often associated with vomiting

What is hyperchloremia?

Increase in chloride levels, often associated with diarrhea

What is the normal range for total CO2?

22-30 mEq/L

Is CO2 considered an electrolyte?

No, it is not a true electrolyte; it measures dissolved CO2 that dissociated into HCO3

What percentage of all CO2 is bound as HCO3?

95%

How does the total CO2 level change in Metabolic Alkalosis?

Increased serum levels, or compensation for respiratory acidosis

How does the total CO2 level change in Metabolic Acidosis?

Levels decrease, or compensation for respiratory alkalosis

What is the normal range of blood glucose?

70 to 99 mg/dL

Why is blood glucose important?

Blood glucose is needed to create energy

What is hyperglycemia?

Elevated blood glucose levels

What is hypoglycemia?

Reduction of blood glucose levels

What is the normal percentage of total CK-MB in the blood?

0-5%

What does CK-MB/ troponin test for?

Chemicals from ischemic myocardial damage or stress

What is the normal range for blood urea nitrogen (BUN)?

7-20 mg/dl

What does a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test assess?

Renal function

What factors does BUN function depend on?

Renal function, diet, and liver function

What is the normal percentage range of basophils in white blood cells?

0-1%

What is the main function of basophils in the body?

Plays a role in allergic reactions

What condition is indicated by an increase in basophils and is commonly associated with allergic reactions or parasitic infections?

Basophilia

What is creatinine?

A waste product of creatine metabolism and produced in muscle

What is the normal range of creatinine?

0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL

What does an increased creatinine level indicate?

Renal function impairment

What does a decreased creatinine level indicate?

Muscle wasting conditions