AP LIT FINAL

Volta

switch/redirection of rhythm (in a sonnet)

Quatrain

4 line stanza

Meter

Rhythmic structure of line, repeated pattern of strong and weak stresses

Iamb

metrical foot consisting of one short syllable followed by one long stressed syllable

Pentameter

line of verse with 5 metrical feet (10 syllables)

Blank Verse

unrhymed iambic pentameter

Couplet

2 lines of rhymed verse in same meter

Soliloquy

speech to oneself

Monologue

speech to audience

Refrain

last two lines are repeated

Pastoral Poetry

presents idyllic view of rural life, free of the corruption of the city

Feminine End

extra unstressed syllable

Free Verse

unrhymed poetry or has regular meter

Assonance

repetition of vowel sounds

Consonance

repetition of consonant sounds

Juxtaposition

placing two or more things side by side to compare/contrast.

Enjambment

when line/thought carries over to the next line with no terminal punctuation

End Stopped Line

when thought ends at the end of the line with terminal punctuation

Ballad

poem told in short stanzas

4X3A

tetra with no rhyme, tri with rhyme alternating

Heroic Couplet

Pair of Iambic pentameter

Conceit

extended metaphor to elaborate striking comparison between two seemingly unrelated things

Caesura

great pause within a line

Haiku

3 lines, 5 syllables 7 syllables 5 syllables, 575

Alliteration

the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

Common meter

Tetra-tri (4-3)

Blazon

Form of poetry that focuses on the feminine body

Italian (Petrarchan) Sonnet

has a volta between octave and sestet (8, volta, 6)

Rhyme scheme

ABBA ABBA for the octave, and the sestet can vary (CDE CDE, CD CD CD, etc.).

English (Shakespearean) Sonnet

14 lines divided into three quatrains and a final couplet usually written in iambic pentameter (but not always)

Equivocation

the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication

Ingénue

Innocent character

Magical Realism

A genre of fiction in which elements of fantasy, myth, or the supernatural are included in a narrative that is otherwise objective and realistic.

Verisimilitude

the quality of appearing to be true, real, likely, or probable

Denouement

an outcome or solution; the unraveling of a plot

Bildungsroman

A coming of age story

In media res

a piece of writing that begins in the middle of the action

Metaphor

• His heart is a stone."

◦ Tenor: "His heart" (the subject)

◦ Vehicle: "Stone"(the image or comparison)

Gerund

when a verb functions as the subject of the sentence.

• Dining at Burger King || is depressing.

Predicate Adjective

Predicate Nominative:

word that describes the subject.

word that renames the subject.

Compound Sentence

contains 2 or more independent clauses.

Complex Sentence

contains 1 dependent clause and 1 independent clause.

Compound Complex Sentence:

• contains 1 dependent clause and 2 or more independent clauses.