Chapter 02 Quiz: Digestion and Absorption

The _____ directs food from the mouth to the esophagus.

pharynx

The involuntary muscular contractions passing along the walls of the GI tract that push contents along is referred to as _____and begins when the bolus enters the esophagus.

peristalsis

The liquefying process of digestion begins in the _____.

mouth

Enzymes from the intestine and pancreas work best in which type of environment?

neutral or slightly alkaline

The presence of fat in the duodenum stimulates what action?

the gallbladder to secrete bile

The normal intestinal flora (bacteria) that live in the intestines _____.

synthesize vitamin K

Most of the absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are absorbed in which organ of the gastrointestinal tract?

small intestine

Which structure facilitates the absorption of nutrients?

microvilli

Fat-soluble nutrients are transported through the _____ by chylomicrons.

lymphatic system

Nutrients that are transported through the blood from the gastrointestinal tract travel to the _____ before returning to the heart.

liver

The function of high-density lipoproteins is to _____.

move cholesterol from other body cells to the liver cells for breakdown and excretion

Which indigestible substance in food stimulates the growth of beneficial flora?

prebiotics

What branch of the Department of Health and Human Services is responsible for identifying, monitoring, and reporting foodborne illnesses and outbreaks?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Tracy attends a potluck lunch and eats tuna salad that contains mayonnaise prepared with uncooked eggs. The next day she develops a fever and suffers from abdominal pain and diarrhea. Which foodborne illness did Tracy most likely contract?

Salmonella infection

There is no need to seek medical attention when suffering from a foodborne illness unless which of the following symptoms occurs?

diarrhea lasting 4 days