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House of Representatives Requirements

Must be 25 years old, a U.S. citizen for 7 years, and live in the state they represent.

Senate Requirements

Must be 30 years old, a U.S. citizen for 9 years, and live in the state they represent.

President Requirements

Must be a natural born citizen, 35 years old, and a resident of the U.S. for 14 years.

Incumbent

A current office holder who is running for re-election.

Non-incumbent

A candidate who is not currently holding the office they are running for.

Iowa Caucus

The first major electoral event in the presidential primary season where voters gather to select delegates.

Delegates

Individuals chosen to represent their state at the national convention and vote on behalf of their state's voters.

National Conventions

Events where political parties officially nominate their candidates for president and vice president.

General Election

The final election where voters choose between candidates nominated by the parties.

Census

Conducted every 10 years to count the population, affecting the allocation of seats in the House of Representatives.

Electoral College

A group of electors who formally elect the president and vice president, equal to the total number of senators and representatives.

Battleground/Swing States

States where the vote could go either way in a presidential election.

Inauguration

The ceremony where the newly elected president is sworn into office, usually on January 20th.

FEC

The agency responsible for enforcing campaign finance laws in the U.S.

Dark Money

Political spending by organizations not required to disclose their donors.

Citizens United v. FEC

A landmark Supreme Court case that allowed corporations and unions to spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns.

501 (c) 4

A type of nonprofit organization that can engage in political activities without disclosing donors.

PACs

Organizations that raise and spend money to elect or defeat candidates, with contribution limits.

Super PACs

Organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money but cannot coordinate directly with candidates or parties.

Grassroot Campaign

A campaign strategy focusing on mobilizing local support and volunteers.

Voter Turnout

The percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.

Gender and Voter Turnout

Women tend to vote at higher rates than men.

Age and Voter Turnout

Older voters typically have higher turnout rates than younger voters.

Education and Voter Turnout

Individuals with higher levels of education are more likely to vote.

Race and Voter Turnout

Voter turnout varies among different racial and ethnic groups.

Wealth and Voter Turnout

Wealthier individuals are more likely to vote than those with lower incomes.

Popular Vote

The total number of votes cast by the public in an election.

House Reapportionment

The process of redistributing seats in the House of Representatives based on population changes.

Redistricting

The process of redrawing electoral district boundaries.

Gerrymandering

Manipulating district boundaries to favor one party over another.

Cracking

Splitting a group of voters with similar characteristics into multiple districts to dilute their voting power.

Packing

Concentrating a group of voters with similar characteristics into a single district to reduce influence in other districts.