HA Cardiovascular (Exam 2)

Aortic

Found at the 2nd intercostal space right of the sternal border
*Auscultated 1st

Pulmonic

Found at the 2nd intercostal space left of the sternal border
*Ausculated 2nd

Erbs point

Found at 3rd intercostal space left of the sternal border
*Auscultated 3rd

Tricuspid

Found between the fourth and fifth slightly left of Erbs point
*Auscultated 4th

Bicuspid/mitral

Found at 5th intercostal space at midclavicular line; point of maximum impulse and apical pulse

*Auscultated last

S3

Ventricular galloping sound caused by fluid overload

S4

Atrial gallop caused by stiffened ventricle

Rub

Rubbing sound caused by friction between inflamed pericardial surfaces

Preload

Volume of blood in the heart before systole

Afterload

Pressure the heart must overcome to pump blood

Stroke volume

Volume of blood pumped in one heart beat

Ejection fraction

SV/EDV

Bruit

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
*Heard through auscultating arteries

Endocardium

Layer of cells in the heart closest to the blood

Myocardium

Heart muscle

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

Ischemia

Decreased blood flow to an area

Myocardial infarction

Heart cell death due to myocardial ischemia

Heart failure

When the heart fails to meet the demand of the bodys cells

Aneurysm

Weakened artery; often balloons before bursting

Angina pectoris

Chest pain caused by relative lack of oxygen in the heart from atherosclerosis

Claudication

Leg pain caused by relative lack of oxygen in the legs from atherosclerosis

Bradycardia

Heart rate <60 bpm

Tachycardia

Heart rate >100 bpm

Murmur

Sound made by turbulent blood through a malfunction heart valve

Thrill

A murmer that is so strong it is palpable through the skin

Dyspnea on exertion (DOE)

Shortness of breath with activity

Orthopnea

Shortness of breath when lying down

Dysrhythmia

Any heart rhythm other than normal

Fibrillation

Dysrhythmia when heart does not beat, but quivers (may be atrial or ventricular)

Flutter

Dysrhythmia when heart rapidly and abnormally contracts (may be atrial or ventricular)

Palpitation

Sensation of rapid or irregular heartbeat

Edema

Swelling

Pitting edema

Swelling where the skin will stay indented (pitted) if pressure is applied

Syncope

Fainting

Thrombus

Blood clot

Thrombophlebitis

Inflammation of a blood vessel due to a clot

Embolism

Blockage of an artery usually by a clot that has broken loose

Varicose

Distended vein

Shunt

A tube connecting an artery and a vein so blood mixes; used in some dialysis patients

AV fistula

Joining of an artery and vein together, so blood mixes; used in some dialysis patients