Unit 3 Microbiology pat 2 - Helminths and their infections

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What are the 2 types of Parasitic Helminths

Platyhelminths (flatworms) and Nematodes (roundworms)

What does a Monoecious or hermaphroditic worm mean

It has both male and female organs within one worm and can self reproduce sexually

What do Anti-helminthic antibiotics do

Prevent ATP synthesis and paralyze the worm

What are the two types of Platyhelminths (flatworms)

Trematodes (flukes) and Cestodes (tapeworm)

What are traits of Trematodes (Flukes)

Flat leaf shaped bodies, oral sucker

Where do Trematodes (flukes) live in the body

Lungs, liver, blood

Where are Cestodes (tapeworms) found

Intestinal parasites

What is the head of the tapeworm called

Scolex

What are the segments of the tapeworm called

Proglottids

What type of worm has a complete digestive system

Nematodes (roundwormss)

What worm does Schistosoma sp originate from

Trematodes (flukes)

What type of worm does Taenia saginata originate from

Tapeworm (cestodes)

What worm does Taenia solium originate from

Tapeworm (cestodes)

What worm does Echinococcus granulosis originate from

Tapeworm (cestodes)

Where is Schistosoma sp located in the world

Sub-saharan africa mainly but found worldwide (not contracted in US)

What is the mode of entry for Schistosoma sp

Skin penetration

What disease does Schistosoma sp cause

Schistosomiasis

What is the life cycle for Schistosoma sp

Snail, Intermediate host

How is Schistosoma diagnosed?

Stool or urine O&P

What is a stool O&P test

a exam that checks stool sample for parasites and their eggs (ova)

What disease symptoms does Schistosomiasis cause

ulcer formation in response to infestation, or liver, lung,
bladder damage

What can be used as prevention/control for Schistosoma

Praziquantel, eliminate snail host, avoid water, improved sanitation

What is the conmen name for Taenia saginata

Beef tapeworm

What location is Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) found

Worldwide (common in US)

What is the mode of entry for Taenia saginata

Ingestion of uncooked contaminated beef, hand to hand, uncooked egg ingestion

What are symptoms caused by Taenia saginata

Seldom causes symptoms; abdominal distress; psychological distress

How to diagnose Taenia saginata

Stool O&P

What is the treatment for Taenia saginata

Niclosamide

Where is Taenia Solium found

Worldwide but nonexistent in the hogs raised in the US

What is the mode of entry for Taenia solium

Ingestion of undercooked pork and hand to hand contact

What is another name for Taenia solium

Pork tapeworm

How is Taenia solium treated

Niclosamide

what is the most dangerous tapeworm

Echinococcus granulosus

What is another name for Echinococcus granulosus

Sheep tapeworm

Where is Echinococcus granulosus located

Middle east

How is Echinococcus granulosus contracted

Ingestion of undercooked contaminated mutton

What is the life cycle for Echinococcus granulosus

Humans intermediate host, dogs sheep and wolves are definitive host

What are symptoms of the diseases Echinococcus granulosus causes

Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, brain (cyst can contain 4 gallons of fluid)

What happens if the cyst containing gallons of fluid caused by Echinococcus granulosus ruptures

Anaphylactic shock

What is treatment for Echinococcus granulosus (Sheep tapeworm)

Surgical removal of cyst; Mebendazole

What is the intermediate host for dog and cat tapeworm

Fleas

How does someone get the fish tapeworm

Ingestion of raw fish (pike trout perch salmon)

What are symptoms of fish tapeworm

Abdominal pain, pernicious anemia (vitamin b12 deficiency)

What worm did Enterobius vermicularis originate from

Nematode (roundworm)

What worm did Ascaris lumbricoides originate from

Nematode (roundworm)

What worm did Necator americanus originate from

Nematode (roundworm)

What worm did Trichinella spiralis originate from

Nematode (roundworm)

What worm did Wucheria bancrofti originate from

Nematode (roundworm)

What microbe causes pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis

What is the most prevalent worm infection in the U.S

Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis)

What is the mode of entry for Enterobius vermicularis

Ingestion of eggs, contaminated clothing, sheets, etc

How is pin worm diagnosed

Scotch tape method

What are symptoms of pin worm

Itching around anus; difficulty sleeping; restlessness

What is treatment for pinworm

Mebendazole

What microbe causes a hookworm infection

Necator americanus

Where is Hookworm common

Warm moist climates (found worldwide)

What is the mode of entry for hookworm

Skin penetration

What are symptoms of having hookworm

Anemia, fatigue,weight loss, itching and rash at entry site on skin

What cellular type are Helminths

Multicellular eukaryotes

What kingdom are helminths in

Animalia

How to treat/prevent hookworm

Mebendazole; wear shoes, improved sanitation

How to diagnose Hookworm

Stool O&P

What disease does the microbe Ascaris lumbricoides cause

Ascariasis (roundworm infection)

What is the most prevalent worm infection worldwide (not common in US tho)

Ascariasis

What is the mode of entry for Ascariasis (Ascaris lumbricoides)

Fecal-Oral

What are symptoms of Ascariasis

Intestinal obstruction, abdominal pain, pulmonary distress (coughing)

How is Ascariasis diagnosed

Worms emerge from anus, mouth, nose, or navel. Stool O&P can also be used

How is Ascariasis treated

Mebendazole or piperazine

What microbe causes Trichinosis

Trichinella spiralis

Where in the world is Trichinella spiralis (Trichinosis) found

Worldwide (but rare in the US due to improved hog raising)

What is the mode of entry for Trichinosis

Ingestion of undercooked contaminated pork (bear, horsemeat)

What are symptoms of Trichinella spiralis

Fever, swelling by eyes, GI upset

How is Trichinosis diagnosed

Muscle biopsy or serology

How to prevent Trichinosis

Cook pork thoroughly, freeze meet, improve hog raising

What is treatment for Trichinosis

Mebendazole

What drug is a common treatment for roundworm infections

Mebendazole

What microbe causes Elephantiasis

Wucheria bancrofti

Where is Wucheria bancrofti located in the world

Africa, Asia, India, and Pacific islands (not contracted in the US)

What is the mode of entry for Wucheria bancrofti (Elephantiasis)

Bite of an infected mosquito

What are symptoms of the disease Elephantiasis

Obstruction of lymphatics, proliferation of scar tissue in lower body/external genitalia, Lymphedema (permanent disabilities and disfigurement)

Which worm infection causes decreased function of lymphatic system

Elephantiasis (Wucheria bancrofti)

How is Elephantiasis diagnosed

Blood smear at night or serology

How is Elephantiasis

Diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin, and mosquito control