adult/elder exit ticket questions

A nurse is caring for a patient who has a chronic illness. Which statement best describes a chronic ilness?

A. a condition that resolves spontaneously within several weeks

B. a condition that is prolonged and rarely cured completely

C. a condition that always results in permanent disability

D. a condition that requires hospitalization throughout the illness

B

A nurse is applying the 4 M’s of an age-friendly health system. Which intervention addresses mobility?

A. asking the patient about the goals that matter most to them

B. reviewing whether each medicaiton has a clear indication

C. assessing the patient for changes in cognition

D. encouraging the patient to maintain or improve functional ability

D

Which assessment is most appropriate when performing a comprehensive geriatric assessment?

A. assess only the patient’s physical health and current diagnosis

B. focus primarily on laboratory results and medication history

C. assess physical health, mood, mental status, ADLs/IADLs, and social environmental factors

C

A patient tells the nurse, “My spouse has been diagnosed with a serious illness. I know I need to stay strong, but I have been having trouble sleeping, concentrating, and making decisions.” Which nursing response is most appropriate?

A. “Try to focus on the positive aspects of the situation so you don’t become overwhelmed?”

B. “Let’s talk about how this situation is affecting you and what coping strategies and support systems you currently use.”

C. “You should avoid thinking about the illness and focus your attention on other activities.”

B

A patient with a newly diagnosed chronic illness states, “I’m scared about waht this diagnosis means for my future. I don’t know how I’m going to handle everything.” Which nursing intervention best demonstrates problem-focused coping?

A. teach the patient relaxation breathing to decrease anxiety

B. encourage the patient to use imagery to promote relaxation

C. help the patient identify available resources and develop strategies to address the problems created by the diagnosis

C

The nurse teaches a patient relaxation breathing to help manage stress. Which finding best indicates that the patient is experiencing the relaxation response?

A. increased heart rate and increased sympathetic nervous system activity

B. decreased blood pressure and decreased muscle tension

C. increased respiratory rate and increased brain activity

B

A 72 year old patient is 30 minutes after receiving any IV opioid for severe postoperative pain. During reassessment, the patient reports a pain of 7/10 and appears increasingly drowsy. Which finding requires the nurse’s priority attention?

A. the patient reports persistent pain despite receiving the opioid

B. the patient has decreased respiratory rate and increasing sedation

C. the patient requests another dose because the pain remains severe

B

A patient with diabetes reports pain in both feet. The patient describes the pain as “burning and shooting, almost like electric shocks.” The patient also reports areas of numbness and increased sensitivity to touch. Which type of pain should the nurse recognize?

A. somatic nociceptive pain

B. visceral nociceptive pain

C. neuropathic pain

C

A patient with chronic pain reports that the prescribed analgesic is no longer providing the same degree of relief. The patient states, “I think I do need a higher dose because the medication isn’t working like it used to.” Which concept best explains this finding?

A. addiction

B. tolerance

C. pseudoaddiction

B

A nurse is caring for a client with extensive burns who has significant fluid accumulation in the damaged tissues. The client develops hypotension and tachycardia despite the presence of visible swelling. Which explanation best describes this finding?

A. fluid has shifted normally between the intracellular and extracellular compartments

B. fluid has accumulated in the interstitial space, causing edema but remaining available for circulation

C. fluid has become trapped in damaged tissues, reducing the amount of fluid available to the circulation

D. fluid has shifted from the extracellular space into the intracellular space, increasing circulating volume

C

A patient is 24 hours postoperative after abdominal surgery. The nurse observes redness, warmth, swelling, and tenderness around the incision. Which physiologic process best explains these findings?

A. increased capillary permeability and vasodilation

B. decreased blood flow and reduced vascular permeability

C. destruction of neutrophils and decreased leukocyte migration

A

A nurse is assessing a patient with an acute inflammatory response. Which finding would the nurse expect to be systemic rather than local?

A. swelling at the injured site

B. increased white blood cell count

C. redness surrounding the wound

B

A patient has a traumatic wound with extensive tissue loss, irregular wound edges, and a large amount of exudate. Which type of healing should the nurse expect?

A. primary intention

B. secondary intention

C. tertiary intention

B (wounds with excessive tissue loss, irregular edges, and heavy exudate cannot have their edges brought together and must heal from the base up through granulation tissue formation; tertiary intention applies when a wound, often contamination or at high risk for infection is purposefully left open intensionally to allow infection control or granulation tissue to form and then surgically closed later)

A patient has a contaminated wound that cannot be immediately closed. The wound is allowed to develop granulation tissue before the edges are surgically closed. How should the nurse classify this healing process?

A. primary intention

B. secondary intention

C. tertiary intention

C

A nurse is caring for a patient with a soft-tissue injury. Which intervention is most appropriate during the initial management of the injury?

A. rest, ice, compression, and eleveation

B. massage, heat, and vigorous exercise

C. continuous pressure and dependent positioning

A (standard acute management for soft-tissue injuries follows the RICE protocol to minimize edema and tissue damage)

A patient with a chronic wound asks why adequate protein and fluid intake are important. Which nursing response is the most appropriate?

A. “They primarily prevent inflammation from occurring.”

B. “They provide resources needed to tissue repair and replace fluid losses.”

C. “They prevent all microorganisms from entering the wound.”

B

A nurse is teaching students about infection terminology. A community reports a sudden increase in cases of the same infectious disease within a specfic geographic area. Which term best describes this situation?

A. incidence

B. epidemic

C. prevalence

B (incidence: the number of new cases of a disease that develop in a population during a specific period; prevalence: the toal number of existing cases in a population at a specific point in time)

A nurse is caring for a patient with an infection. Which action is included in standard precautions?

A. using precautions only when caring for patients with a known infection

B. applying precautions during the care of all patients

C. using transmission-based precautions for every patient

B (standard precautions apply to all patients in any healthcare setting, regardless of whether a infection is known or suspected)

A nurse sustains a needle stick injury involving potentially HIV-infected blood. Which intervention is most appropriate based on the provided content?

A. begin PrEP at the next routine appointment

B. receive post-exposure prophylaxis as soon as possible

C. wait for symptoms for HIV infection before receiving treatment

B

A patient with HIV has a CD4 count of 180 cells/mcL. Which interpretation by the nurse is most accurate?

A. the patient has severe immune suppression consistent with AIDS.

B. the patient’s immune function is normal but viral load is elevated.

C. the patient is in the asymptomatic stage because the CD4 count if above 100.

A (a CD4 count below 200 cells/mcL in an HIV-positive individual meets the CDC diagnostic criteria for AIDS)

A patient with HIV asks why the nurse is monitoring both the CD4 count and viral load. Which explanation is best?

A. CD4 measures the amount of virus, while viral load measures immune function

B. CD4 helps evaluate immune function, which viral load measures the amount of HIV in the blood.

B

A patient newly diagnosed with HIV says, “I don’t want anyone to know because people will treat me differently.” Which nursing response is most appropriate?

A. “You should tell everyone close to you so they can protect themselves.”

B. “Stigma can affect people living with HIV, and we can discuss ways to maintain support and cope with these concerns.”

C. “You shouldn’t worry about stigma because HIV is now considered a manageable disease.”

B