AQA A-level history - America - The Era of Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865 - 1890 - US presidents 1865 to 1890

What were the dates of Andrew Johnson's presidency?

1865-1869

How did Andrew Johnson become president?

He took over after Abraham Lincoln's assassination and did not win an election.

What party did Andrew Johnson belong to?

Officially a Democrat but supported Republican policies.

What was Johnson's approach to Reconstruction?

He pursued Presidential Reconstruction but clashed with Radical Republicans, leading to his impeachment.

What were the dates of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency?

1869-1877

What elections did Grant win?

The elections of 1868 and 1872.

What party did Grant belong to?

Republican.

What were the major challenges during Grant's presidency?

The retreat of Reconstruction under 'Redeemers,' the 1873 Depression, corruption, and conflicts with Native Americans.

What were the dates of Rutherford B. Hayes's presidency?

1877-1881

What election did Hayes win?

The election of 1876.

What party did Hayes belong to?

Republican.

Why was the 1876 election and the Compromise of 1877 significant?

The disputed election led to a compromise that ended Reconstruction by withdrawing federal troops from the South, securing Hayes's presidency.

What were the dates of James Garfield's presidency?

1881 (served only a few months).

What election did Garfield win?

The election of 1880.

What party did Garfield belong to?

Republican.

What was the key event of Garfield's presidency?

He was assassinated in 1881.

What were the dates of Chester A. Arthur's presidency?

1881-1885

How did Chester A. Arthur become president?

He took over after Garfield's assassination and did not win an election.

What party did Arthur belong to?

Republican.

What system did Arthur work to reform?

The spoils system, a major issue under Garfield.

What were the dates of Grover Cleveland's first presidency?

1885-1889

What election did Cleveland win?

The election of 1884.

What party did Cleveland belong to?

Democrat.

What were key policies of Cleveland's first term?

He opposed the spoils system, supported low tariffs, was pro-immigration, and faced controversy over an illegitimate child.

What were the dates of Benjamin Harrison's presidency?

1889-1893

What election did Harrison win?

The election of 1888.

What party did Harrison belong to?

He supported high tariffs (McKinley Tariff), backed big business, and passed the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890, though it was not enforced.