NR602 FINAL EXAM/NR 602 FINAL EXAM Questions & Answers, Well Elaborated | Already Verified Test |100% Verified solutions |2026 Latest!!

The parent of an infant experiencing colic asks about using a probiotic medication. What will the primary care pediatric NP tell this parent?

A. Probiotic medications have demonstrated efficacy in treating colic.

B. Probiotics are not safe to use to treat infants who have colic.

C. There are no studies showing usefulness of probiotic to manage colic.

D. There is no conclusive evidence about using probiotics to treat colic.

D. There is no conclusive evidence about using probiotics to treat colic.

A toddler who was born prematurely refuses most solid foods and has poor weight gain. A barium swallow study reveals a normal esophagus. What will the primary care pediatric NP consider the next to manage this child's nutritional needs?

A. consultation with dietician

B. Fiberoptic endoscopy evaluation.

C. MRI

D. Videofluroscopy swallowing study (VOSS)

D. Videofluroscopy swallowing study (VOSS)

A toddler is seen in clinic after a 2-day hx of intermittent V/D. An assessment reveals an irritable child with dry mucous membranes, 3-second cap refill. 2-second recoil of skin, mild tachycardia and tachypnea, and cool hands and feet. The child has had 2 wet diapers in the past 24 hours. What will the primary care pediatric NP recommend?

A. anti-diarrheal medication & clear fluids for 24H

B. Bolus of IV NS in the clinic until improvement

C. Hospital admission for IV rehydration & oral fluids

D. Oral rehydration solution with f/u in 24H

D. Oral rehydration solution with f/u in 24H

A 9-year old girl has a hx of frequent vomiting and her mother has frequent migraine ha. The child has recently begun having more frequent and prolonged episodes accompanied by headaches. An exam reveals abnormal eye movement and mild ataxia. What is the correct action?

A. begin using anti-migraine meds to prevent HA

B. Prescribe ondansetron and lorazepam to help manage sx

C. Reassure the parent that this is expected with cyclic vomiting syndrome

D. Refer to a pediatric gastroenterologist for further workup.

D. Refer to a pediatric gastroenterologist for further workup.

The parent of a 3-month-old reports that the infant reports that the infant arches and gags while feeding and spits up undigested formula frequently. The infant's weight gain has dropped to the 5th percentile from the 12th. What is the best course of tx for this infant?

A. Begin a trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for 2-4 wks.

B. Institute an emperic trial of acid suppression with a PPI

C. Perform esophageal pH monitoring to determine the degree of reflux.

D. Reassure the parent that these sx will likely resolved by 12-24 mo.

A. Begin a trial of extensively hydrolyzed protein formula for 2-4 wks.

A school-age child has a 3-month hx of dull, aching epigastric pain that worsens with eating and awakens from sleep. A CBC shows a Hgb of 8mg/dL. What is the next step in management.

A. Administration of H RA or PPI meds

B. Empiric therapy for H. pylori

C. Ordering an upper GI series

D. Referral for EGD

D. Referral for EGD

A 2-mo old infant cries up to 4 hours each day and according to the parents, is inconsolable during crying episodes with fits and legs notes to be tense and stiff. The infant is breastfeeding frequently but is often fussy during feedings. The PE is normal and the infant is gaining weight normally. What will the primary care pediatric NP recommend?

A. A complete work-up, including lab and radiologic tests.

B. Eliminating certain foods from the mother's diet.

C. Empiric tx w/PPI

D. Stopping breastfeeding & beginning a hydrolyzed formula

B. Eliminating certain foods from the mother's diet.

A child is in the clinic after swallowing a metal bead. A radiograph of the GI tract shows a 6 mm cylindrical object in the child's stomach. The child is able to swallow without difficulty and is not experiencing pain. What is the correct course of treatment?

a. Administer ipecac to induce vomiting.

b. Have the parents watch for the object in the child's stool.

c. Insert a nasogastric tube to flush out the object.

d. Refer the child for endoscopic removal of the object.

b. Have the parents watch for the object in the child's stool.

A 10-year-old child has had abdominal pain for 2 days, which began in the periumbilical area and then localized to the RLQ. The child vomited once today and then experienced relief from pain followed by an increased fever. What is the likely diagnosis?

A. Appendicitis w/perf

B. Gastroenteritis

C. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

D. UTI

A. Appendicitis w/perf

An 18-month-old child has a 1-day hx of intermittent, cramping abd pain w/non-bilious vomiting. The child observed to scream and draw up his legs during pain episodes and becomes lethargic in between. The primary care pediatric NP notes ta small amount of bloody, mucous stool in the diaper. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A. Appendicitis

B. Gastroenteritis

C. Intussusception

D. Testicular torsion

C. Intussusception

A school-age child has had abd pain for 3 mo htat occurs once to twice weekly and is associated with a h/a and occ diff sleeping, often causing the child to stay home from school. The child does not have V/D & is gaining weight normally. The PE is normal. According to Bishop, what is included in the initial diagnostic work-up for this child?

A. CBC, ESR, amylase, lipase, UA, & abd US

B. CBC, ESR, CRP, and fecal calprotectin

C. CBC, ESR, CRP, UA, stool for ova, parasites, and culture

D. Stool for H.pylori antigen and serum IgA, IgG, tTg

A. CBC, ESR, amylase, lipase, UA, & abd US

An adolescent is dx with functional abdominal pain (FAP). The child's sx worsen during stressful events, esp w/school anxiety. What will be an important part of tx for this child?

A. informing the parents that the pain is most likely not real

B. instituting a lactose-free diet along w/lactobacillus supplements

C. teaching about the brain-gut interaction causing sx

D. using histamine2-blockers to help alleviate sx

C. teaching about the brain-gut interaction causing sx

A school-age child has recurrent diarrhea w/foul-smelling stools, excessive flatus, abd distention, and FTT. A 2-week lactose-free trial failed to reduce sx. What is the next step in diagnosing this condition?

A. lactose hydrogen breath test

B. serologic testing for celiac disease

C. stool for ova and parasites

D. Sweat chloride test for cystic fiborisis

B. serologic testing for celiac disease

A child is diagnosed w/Chron disease. What are the likely complications for this child?

A. cancer of the colon and possible colectomy

B. intestinal obstruction w/scarring and strictures

C. intestinal perforation and hemorrhage

D. liver disease and sepsis

B. intestinal obstruction w/scarring and strictures

A 12-month old infant exhibits poor wt. gain after previously normal growth patterns. There is no hx of V/D, or irregular BM, and the PE is normal. What is the next step in evaluating these findings?

A. CBC and electrolytes

B. Feeding and stooling hx and 3-day diet hx

C. Stool cx for ova and parasites

D. swallow study with videofluoroscopy

B. Feeding and stooling hx and 3-day diet hx

A 2-year-old child has an acute diarrheal illness. The child is afebrile and with oral rehydration measures, has remained well hydrated. The parent asks what can be done to help shorten the course of this illness. What will the primary care pediatric NP recommend?

A. Clear liquids only

B. Lactobacillus

C. Loperamide

D. Peppermint oil

B. Lactobacillus

A 30-month-old girl who has been toilet trained for 6 mo has daytime enuresis and dysuria and a low-grade fever. A dipstick urinalysis is negative for leukocyte esterase and nitrates. What is the next step?

a. begin empiric tx w/trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

b. discuss behavioral interventions for toilet training

c. reassure the child's parents that the child does not have a UTI

d. send the urine to the lab for cx

d. send the urine to the lab for cx

The clean catch urine specimen of a child w/dysuria, frequency, and fever has a colony count between 50,000 and 100,000 of E. coli. What is the tx for this child?

a. obtain a CBC & CRP

b. perform sensitivity testing before treating w/antibiotics

c. repeat the culture if sx persist or worsen

d. tx w/antibiotics for UTI

d. tx w/antibiotics for UTI

A dipstick urinalysis is positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites in a school-age child with dysuria and foul-smelling urine but no fever who has not had previous UTI. A culture is pending. What will the pediatric NP do to tx this child?

A. order cipro ER once daily x3 days if cx is positive

B. Prescribe trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP) BID for 3-5 days

C. Reassure the child's parents that this is likely an asymptomatic bacteriuria

D. Wait for urine cx results to determine the correct course of tx

B. Prescribe trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP) BID for 3-5 days

A preschool-age child with no previous hx has mild flank pain and fever but no abd pain or vomiting. A UA is positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites. A cx is pending. What is the correct course of tx of this child?

A. Hospitalize for IV antibiotics

B. Order amoxicillin clavulanate

C. Prescribe trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

D. Refer for a voiding cystourethrogram

A3-year-old child has just completed a 7-day course of amoxicillin for a second febrile UTI and currently has a neg urine cx. What is the next course of action?

A. Obtain a renal and bladder US

B. Prescribe prophylactic antibiotics to prevent recurrence

C. Refer the child for a voiding cystourethrogram

D. Scree urine regularly for leukocyte esterase and nitrites

A. Obtain a renal and bladder US

The parent of a toddler diagnosed with grade V vesicoureteral reflux asks the primary care pediatric NP how the disease will be tx. What will the NP tell this patient?

A. The long-term antibiotic prophylaxis will prevent scarring

B. That surgery to correct the condition is possible

C. That the child will most likely require kidney transplant

D. That the condition will probably resolve spontaneously

B. That surgery to correct the condition is possible

A healthy 14-year-old female has a dipstick urinalysis that is positive for 5-6 RBCs per hpf but otherwise normal. What is the first question the primary care pediatric nurse practitioner will ask this patient?

a. "Are you sexually active?"

b. "Are you taking any medications?"

c. "Have you had a recent fever?"

d. "When was your last menstrual period (LMP)?"

d. "When was your last menstrual period (LMP)?"

A child has gross hematuria, abdominal pain, and arthralgia as well as a rash. What diagnosis is most likely?

A. Henoch-Schonlein purpura

B. Rhabdomyosarcoma

C. Sickle cell disease

D. Systemic lupus erythematosus

A. Henoch-Schonlein purpura

An adolescent has 2+ proteinuria in a random dipstick urinalysis. A subsequent first-morning voided specimen is negative. What will the primary care pediatric NP do to manage this condition?

A. Monitor for proteinuria at each annual well child exam

B. Order a 24-hour timed urine collection for creatinine and protein exrection.

C. Reassure the parents that this is benign condition with no follow-up needed.

D. Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for further evaluation.

A. Monitor for proteinuria at each annual well child exam

A child is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, and the pediatric nurse practitioner provides primary care in a consultation with pediatric nephrologist. The child was treated with steroids and responded well to this treatment. What will the nurse practitioner tell the child's parents about this disease?

A. "Future episodes are likely to have worse outcomes"

B. "Steroids will be used when relapses occur"

C. "This represents a cure from this disease."

D. "Your child will need to take steroid indefinitely"

B. "Steroids will be used when relapses occur"

A child who has nephrotic syndrome is on a steroids and a salt-restricted diet for a relapse of sx. A dipstick urinalysis shows 1+ protein down from 3+ at the beginning of the episode. In consultation with the child's nephrologist, what is the correct course of tx considering this finding?

A. Begin a taper of the steroid medication while continuing salt restrictions.

B. Continue with steroids and salt restrictions until the urine is negative for protein

C. DC steroids and salt restrictions now that improvement has occurred.

D. Relax salt restrictions and continue admin of steroids until proteinuria is gone.

B. Continue with steroids and salt restrictions until the urine is negative for protein

A child diagnosed with Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) 2 wks prior is in the clinic w/periorbital edema, dyspnea, & elevated BP. A UA reveals tea-colored urine w/hematuria & mild proteinuria. What will the NP do to mange this condition?

A. Prescribe a 10-14 day course of high-dose amoxicillin

B. Prescribe high-dose steroids in consultation w/a nephrologist

C. Reassure the parents that this condition will resolve spontaneously

D. Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for hospitalization

D. Refer the child to a pediatric nephrologist for hospitalization

An adolescent has right-sided flank pain without fever. A dipstick UA reveals gross hematuria w/o signs of infection or bacteriuria, and the NP dx possible nephrolithiasis. What is the initial tx for this condition?

A. extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

B. Increase fluid intake up to 2L daily

C. Percutaneous removal of renal calculi

D. Referral to a pediatric nephrologist

B. Increase fluid intake up to 2L daily

During a well child exam of a 2-year-old child, this NP palpates a unilateral, smooth, firm abdominal mass which does not cross the midline. What is the next course of action?

A. Order CT of CAP

B. Perform UA, CBC, renal function test

C. Reevaluate mass in 1-2 weeks

D. Refer child to a oncologist immediately

D. Refer child to a oncologist immediately

A 6-month-old infant has a retractile testis that was noted at the 2-month well baby exam. What will the NP do to manage this condition?

A. Reassure the parent that the testis will most likely descend into place on its own

B. Refer the infant to a pediatric urologist or surgeon for possible orchiopexy

C. Teach the parent to manipulate the testis into the scrotum during diaper changes

D. Tell the parent that hormonal therapy may be needed to correct the condition

B. Refer the infant to a pediatric urologist or surgeon for possible orchiopexy

A 9-month-old infant is brought to the clinic with scrotal swelling and fussiness. The NP notes a tender mass in the affected scrotum that is difficult to reduce. What is the correct action?

A. obtain an abdominal radiograph

B. refer immediately to a pediatric surgeon

C. Schedule an apt w/a pediatric urologist

D. Teach the parents signs of incarceration

B. refer immediately to a pediatric surgeon

The mother of a 12-month-old uncircumcised male infant reports that the child seems to have pain associated with voiding. A PE reveals a tight, pinpoint opening of the foreskin, which thickened and inflamed. What will the NP do?

A. attempt to retract the foreskin to visualize the penis

B. Order corticosteroid cream TIDx4 wks

C. Refer the child to a pediatric urologist

D. Tach the mother gently stretch the foreskin with cleaning

C. Refer the child to a pediatric urologist

An adolescent male comes to the clinic reporting unilateral scrotal pain, N/V, that began that morning. The NP palpates a painful, swollen testis and elicits inc pain w/slight elevation of the testis (a neg Phren's sign) What will the NP do?

A. Admin IM ceftriaxone and prescribe doxy BIDx10days

B. Encourage bed rest, scrotal support, and ice packs to the scrotum as tol

C. Prescribe NSAIDs, limited activities, and warm compress to the scrotum

D. Refer the adolescent immediately to a pediatric urologist or surgeon

D. Refer the adolescent immediately to a pediatric urologist or surgeon

The NP performs a PE on a 9-mo-old infant with congenital hypothyroidism who takes daily levothyroxine sodium & notes a recent slowing of the infant's growth rate. What will the NP order?

A. Free serum T4 & TSH

B. Serum levothyroxine level

C. Total T4 & free T4 levels

D. TSH & total T4 level

A. Free serum T4 & TSH

A 12-year-old child has a recent hx of inc thirst & frequent urination. This child's wt has been in the 95th percentile for several yrs. A dipstick UA is positive for glucose, & random plasma glucose is 350 mg/dL. What test will the NP order to determine the type of diabetes in this child?

A. fasting plasma glucose

B. Hgb A1C

C. Pancreatic autoantibodies

D. Thyroid function tests

C. Pancreatic autoantibodies

The NP dx an 8-year-old child with type 1 DM after routine urine screen is positive for glucose and negative for ketones and plasma glucose is 350 mg/dL. The child's weight is normal and the parents report a mild inc in thirst and urine OP in the past few days. Which course of action is correct?

A. admit the child to the hospital for initial insulin management

B. begin insulin & refer the child to a child's diabetes center

C. Order fasting serum glucose and a dipstick UA in the morning

D. Send the child to the ED for fluids and IV insulin

B. begin insulin & refer the child to a child's diabetes center

The NP is reviewing lab work & diabetes management with a school-age child whose A1C is 7.6% who reports usual blood sugars before meals as being 80-90. The NP will consult the child's endocrinologist to consider which therapy?

A. Continuous glucose monitoring

B. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

C. Self-monitoring of blood glucose

D. Use of long-acting insulin analogue

A. Continuous glucose monitoring

The NP is performing a well child examination on a 12-year-old who was dx w/type 1 DM at age 9. The child has a lipid screen at age 10 with a LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL. What will the NP recommend as part of ongoing management for this child?

A. Annual lipid profile evaluation

B. Annual screening for microalbuminuria

C. Comprehensive ophthalmologic exam

D. Hypothyroidism screening every 5 yr

C. Comprehensive ophthalmologic exam

A 13-year-old Native American female has a body mass index (BMI) at the 90th percentile for age. The NP notes the presence of a hyperpigmented velvet-like rash in skin folds. The child denies polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. The NP will take what action?

A. Counsel the child to lose weight to prevent type 2 DM

B. Diagnose DM2 in the child has a random glucose of 180ml/dL

C. Order a fasting blood sample for a metabolic screen for DM2

D. Refer the child to a pediatric endocrinologist

C. Order a fasting blood sample for a metabolic screen for DM2

The NP prescribes metformin for a 15-year-old adolescent newly dx with DM2. What will the NP include when teaching the adolescent about this drug?

A. That insulin therapy will be necessary in the future

B. The importance of checking blood glucose 3-4 times a day

C. To consume a diet w/food high in Vit B12

D. To use a stool softener to prevent GI SE

B. The importance of checking blood glucose 3-4 times a day

A child dx w/ADHD has difficulty stopping activities to begin other activities at school. The NP understands that this is due to difficulty with what self-regulation ability?

A. Emotional control

B. Flexibility

C. Inhibition

D. Problem-solving

B. Flexibility

The NP care for a preschool-age child who was exposed to drugs prenatally. The child bites other children and has tantrums when asked to stop but is able to state later why this behavior is wrong. This child most likely has a disorder related to what process?

A. Executive function

B. Information processing

C. Sensory processing

D. Social cognition

A. Executive function

The parent of a child dx with ADHD tells the NP that the child gets overwhelmed by homework assignments, doesn't seem to know which ones to do first, and then doesn't do any assignments. The NP tells the parents that this represents impairment in which executive function?

A. Activation

B. Effort

C. Emotion

D. Focus

A. Activation

The NP is performing an examination on a 5-year-old child who exhibits ritualistic behaviors, avoids contact w/other children, and has limited speech. The parent reports having had concerns more than 2 years ago about autism, but was told that it was too early to diagnose. What will the NP do first?

A. Admin an M-CHAT screen to screen the child for communication and socialization delays

B. Ask the parent to describe the child's earlier behaviors from infancy through preschool

C. Reassure the parent that if sx weren't present earlier, the likelihood of autism is low

D. Refer the child to a pediatric behavioral specialist to develop a plan of tx and management

B. Ask the parent to describe the child's earlier behaviors from infancy through preschool

The NP is examining a 3-year-old child who speaks loudly, in a monotone, does not make eye contact, and preforms to sit on the exam room floor moving a toy truck back and forth in a repetitive manner. What disorder does the NP suspect?

A. ADHD

B. Autism

C. Executive function disorder

D. Sensory processing disorder

B. Autism

The NP is conducting a f/u exam on a child who has recently begun taking a low-dose stimulant medication to tx ADHD. The child's school performance and home behaviors have improved. The child's parent reports noticing a few tics, such as twitching of the eyelids, but the child is unaware of them and isn't bothered by them. What will the NP recommend?

A. Adding an alpha-agonist medication

B. Changing to a non-stimulant medication

C. Continuing the medication as prescribed

D. Stopping the medication immediately

C. Continuing the medication as prescribed

A 9-year-old child exhibits school refusal and a reluctance to attend sleepovers with classmates. The parent is concerned because the child has recently begun sleeping in the parents' bed. What initial action by the NP is appropriate?

A. Assess for environmental stress, parental dysfunction, and maternal depression

B. Ask about traumatic events that may have precipitated this behavior

C. Consider a possible pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder cause

D. Recommend firm insistence on school and activity attendance

A. Assess for environmental stress, parental dysfunction, and maternal depression

The parent of a school-age child reports that the child becomes frustrated when unable to perform tasks well and often has temper tantrums and difficulty sleeping. What disorder may be considered for this child?

A. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

C. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS)

D. Separation anxiety disorder (SAD)

A. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

The parent of a school-age girl reports that the child has difficulty getting ready for school and is often late because of a need to check and recheck whether her teeth are clean and her room light has been turned off. What will the NP recommend to this parent?

A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

B. Deferral to tx until sx worsen

C. Medication management with an SSRI

D. Referral to a child psychiatrist

A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

A newly divorced mother of a toddler reports that the child began having difficulty sleeping and nightmares along with exhibiting angry outbursts and tantrums 2 months prior. The NP learns that the child refuses to play with usual playmates and often spends time sitting quietly. What will the NP do initially?

A. Ask the mother about the relationship with the father.

B. Consult with a child psychiatrist to prescribe medications

C. Recommend cognitive behavioral or psychodynamic therapy

D. Refer the family to a child behavioral specialist for counseling

A. Ask the mother about the relationship with the father.

An adolescent has recently begun doing poorly in school and has stopped participating in sports and other extracurricular activities. During the history interview, the adolescent reports feeling tired, having difficulty concentrating, and experiencing a loss of appetite for the past few weeks but cannot attribute these changes to any major life event. Which is an important next step in managing this patient?

A. Admin a dx rating scale for depression

B. Considering a short-term trial of an antidepressant medication

C. Determining suicidal ideation and risk of suicide

D. Referring the adolescent to a mental health specialist

C. Determining suicidal ideation and risk of suicide

An adolescent is dx with major depression, and the mental health specialist has prescribed fluoxetine. What other tx is important to protect against suicidal risk?

A. Addition of risperidone therapy

B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

C. Family therapy

D. Hospitalization

B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy

A 13-year-old child has exhibited sx of mild depression for several weeks. The parent reports feeling relieved that the sx have passed but concerned that the child now seems to have boundless energy and an inability to sit still. What will the NP do?

A. Administer an ADHD dx scale and consider an ADHD med

B. Consult w/a child psychiatrist to prescribe an antidepressant med

C. Reassure the parent that this behavior is common after mild depression sx

D. Refer the child to a child psychiatrist for evaluation of bipolar disorder

D. Refer the child to a child psychiatrist for evaluation of bipolar disorder

A toddler has begun hitting and biting other children at a day care center and is exhibiting temper tantrums and bad language at home. The parent reports that these behaviors began shortly after a sibling was born. What will the NP do?

A. Advise the parent that the child is exhibiting early signs of ADHD

B. Engage the parent in positive parenting strategies to facilitate appropriate child coping

C. Recommend evaluating the child for conduct or oppositional defiant disorder

D. Suggest putting the child in another day care center to ameliorate the problems

B. Engage the parent in positive parenting strategies to facilitate appropriate child coping

A 14-year old female comes to the clinic with amenorrhea for 3 months. A pregnancy test is negative. The adolescent's body weight is at 82% of expected for height and age. The mother reports that her daughter often throws up and refuses to eat most foods. Which condition does the NP suspect?

A. Anorexia nervosa

B. Bulimia nervosa

C. Depression

D. Substance abuse

A. Anorexia nervosa

A major contributor to pelvic stability is

A. the coccyx.

B the pubis.

C the ilium and its ligaments.

D the sacrum.

C the ilium and ligaments

The sheet made up of dense fibrous tissue that spans the opening of the anterior pelvic outlet is/are the

A. sphinter muscles.

B. deep perineal space.

C. perineal membrane.

D. distal vagina.

A. Sphincter muscles

How many different fiber sections subdivide the levator ani muscular sheet?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 6

C. 4

What is the function of the Bartholin's gland?

A. To help prevent infection of the introitus

B. To secrete lubricating mucus into the introitus during sexual excitement

C. To assist in keeping the vaginal introitus closed

D. To secrete estrogen and regulate its levels

A. To help prevent infection of the introitus

Which arteries supply blood to the clitoris?

A. Arcuate arteries

B. Dorsal and clitoral cavernosal arteries

C. Two ovarian arteries

D. Coiled arteries

B Dorsal and clitoral cavernosal arteries

What is the approximate number of ovarian follicles at the

initiation of puberty?

a. 100,000

b. 200,000

c. 400,000

d. 600,000

c. 400,000

The four segments of a fallopian tube are the pars interstitialis, the

isthus, the ampulla, and the

A. Infundibulum.

B medulla.

C hilum.

D myometrium.

A. Infundibulum.

What causes the epithelium to thicken, differentiate, and accumulate glycogen?

A Progesterone

B Pudendal nerve

C Estrogen

D Vagus nerves

C Estrogen

About how many openings are in the nipple?

A 1 to 5

B 5 to 10

C. 10 - 15

D. 15 - 20

D. 15-20

What is one of the most frequent reasons women visit their clinician?

A. Changes in menstruation

B Family planning

C Pregnancy

D Prevention and wellness

A Changes in menstruation

What is the objective of the endometrial cycle?

A To emulate the activities of the ovaries

B To produce an ovum

C To reach the menstruation phase

D To prepare a site to nourish and maintain the ovum

D To prepare a site to nourish and maintain the ovum

Ovulation is dependent on an increased level of _

A. enzyme activity.

B. progesterone.

C. prostaglandins.

D. estrogen and the LH surge.

D. estrogen and the LH surge.

What initiates contractions of the uterine muscle leading to menstruation?

A. Lysosomal enzymes

B. Vascular thrombosis

C. Rupture of the basal arterioles

D. Prostaglandins

D. Prostaglandins

Why does the cervical mucus become thick, viscous and opaque after ovulation?

A. To make an hospitable environment for the sperm

B. To promote stromal vascularization

C. To relax the myometrial fibers that supply the cervix

D. To reduce the risk of ascending infection at the time of implantation

D. To reduce the risk of ascending infection at the time of implantation

Cyclic mastalgia

A. more likely causes unilateral, localized pain that is sharp or burning in nature.

B. has an increased risk of occurrence in women whose diets are low in fat.

C. occurs most frequently in women who are 18 to 30 years old.

D. is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation.

D. is caused by hormonal changes associated with menstruation

The possibility of cancer is associated with mastalgia when the pain

A. occurs in perimenopausal women who are receiving HT.

B. is accompanied by skin changes or palpable abnormality.

C. is felt in both breasts equally and is related to a cyclic pattern.

D. is reproducible with palpation of the chest wall.

B. is accompanied by skin changes or palpable abnormality.

Effective for 85% of women who have mild or moderate symptoms

of mastalgia, the first line of treatment is

A. reassurance.

B. reduction mammoplasty.

C. isoflavones, or naturally occurring phytoestrogens.

D. 2% lidocaine injection and 40 mg of methyl prednisone.

A. reassurance.

Mammary duct ectasia

A. is one of the most common causes of milky nipple discharge.

B. like intraductal papilloma, is typically unilateral and uniductal.

C. usually occurs in women 20 to 35 years of age.

D. discharge may be green, brown, or black in color.

D. discharge may be green, brown, or black in color.

If a woman is complaining of bilateral, milky nipple discharge, the clinician is to first

A. perform a pregnancy test.

B. perform a mammogram and an ultrasound of the breasts.

C. assess the sella turcica with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

D. obtain a serum prolactin level and a thyroid-stimulating

hormone (TSH) measurement.

A. perform a pregnancy test.

The most common benign breast masses are

A. galactoceles.

B. hamartomas.

C. fibroadenomas and cysts.

D. lipomas and phyllodestumors.

C. fibroadenomas and cysts.

Which breast tissue sampling procedure is best to use when density

or calcification is seen on a mammogram in a location that cannot be effectively

assessed with a core biopsy?

A. Fine-needle aspiration

B. MRI-guided needle biopsy

C. Needle-localized breast biopsy

D. Excisional breast biopsy

C. Needle-localized breast biopsy

Among women aged 55 years and older

A. macromastia is the most common cause of breast masses.

B. breast masses are presumed malignant until proven otherwise.

C. most breast masses decrease in size over time and many resolve completely.

D. diagnostic imaging of a breast mass and tissue sampling should be deferred.

B. breast masses are presumed malignant until proven otherwise.

A woman's lifetime risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is

A. 1 in 3.

B. 1 in 8.

C. 1 in 29.

D. 1 in 233.

B. 1 in 8.

No risk factors other than age are identifiable in of women with breast cancer.

a. 100%

b. 85%

c. 60%

d. 24%

b. 85%

The genetic counselor has a significant role in the care of women

because BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations account for 5% to 10% of all

cancer cases

a. breast

b. ovarian

c. uterine

d. pancreatic

a. breast

The most common sites of metastatic spread of invasive breast

cancer include all of the following except

a. bones.

b. lungs.

c. pituitary.

d. lymph nodes.

c. pituitary.

What term refers to the period from about 7 to 10 days before

menstrualflow begins until the first or second day of menstrual flow?

• Amenorrhea

• Premenstrual

• Dysmenorrhea

• Perimenstrual

• Perimenstrual

Approximately what percentage of women experience severe

recurringsymptoms associated with their menstrual cycle?

a. 10%

b. 20%

c. 5%

d. 25%

10%

Of the four symptom clusters of perimenstrual symptoms identified

by Woods, Mitchell & Lentz (1999), which was the dominant one in terms of

explaining variance in premenstrual symptoms?

• Fluid retention

• Arousal

• Turmoil

• Somatic symptoms

• Turmoil

Why shouldn't symptoms such as bloating and breast tenderness be considered

disordered perimenstrual symptoms?

• Because only a small minority of women have these symptoms

• Because these symptoms affect the majority of women

• Because these symptoms do not affect women's moods

• Because it is not possible to quantify these symptoms

• Because these symptoms affect the majority of women

How is secondary dysmenorrhea defined?

• Absence of menstruation due to an underlying pathology

• Painful menstruation in the absence of pathology

• An underlying pathology causing pain symptoms during menstrual flow

• Painful menstruation that occurs in women after the age of 35

An underlying pathology causing pain symptoms during menstrual flow

What is the term for the exacerbation of somatic or mood symptoms

in the late luteal or menstrual phase of the cycle?

• Premenstrual magnification

• Perimenstrual dysmenorrhea

• Premenstrual syndrome

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

• Premenstrual magnification

Which of the following is a diagnostic label that is listed in

the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV-TR?

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

• Premenstrual magnification

• Dysmenorrhea

• Premenstrual syndrome

• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Women who report experiencing the most severe symptoms of PMS tend to be

• in their late 40s.

• in their early 20s.

• in their late teens.

• in their late 30s.

• in their late 30s.

Which of the following is one of the key criteria for a diagnosis of PMS?

• The symptoms markedly interfere with occupational functioning

• One of the symptoms is depressed mood, anxiety, or irritability

• Exclusion of other diagnoses that may better explain the symptoms

• The symptoms are confirmed by prospective daily ratings

over at least two menstrual cycles

• Exclusion of other diagnoses that may better explain the symptoms

All menstruating women report that which type of symptoms

is highest during menses?

• Muscular

• Gastrointestinal

• Incontinent

• Skeletal

• Gastrointestinal

• What hormone has been shown to help with relieving the mood

discomfort cluster of symptoms of PMS?

• Diuretics

• NSAID

• Progesterone

• Fluoxetine

• Progesterone

Which dietary supplement has been shown to help treat PMS?

• Calcium

• Magnesium

• Vitamin B12

• Iron

• Calcium

The only botanical treatment with Level I evidence to support its use in PMSis

• echinacea.

• chaste tree berry.

• linolenic acid.

• cramp bark.

• chaste tree berry.

Research suggests a link between PMS and

• seasonal affective disorder.

• celiac disease.

• high blood pressure.

• hypoglycemia.

• seasonal affective disorder.

What is the best definition of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?

• Uterine bleeding for which no pelvic pathology is found

• Uterine bleeding that is irregular during a woman's menstrual cycle

• Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency

• Uterine bleeding that is related to systemic conditions

Uterine bleeding that is irregular in amount or frequency

What is a good first question to ask women who present with

a concern about abnormal bleeding?

• What is a normal pattern for you?

• How long has this persisted?

• What was your last menstrual cycle like?

• How many times has this occurred?

• What is a normal pattern for you?

In women of reproductive age, the most common cause of a

bleeding pattern that is suddenly different is

• an increase in estrogen.

• a reaction to a change in eating or exercise habits.

• adrenal hyperplasia.

• a complication of pregnancy.

• a complication of pregnancy.

Progesterone breakthrough bleeding is sometimes seen in women who

• have polycystic ovary syndrome.

• are obese.

• use progesterone-only contraception.

• have ceased progesterone therapy.

• use progesterone-only contraception.