Antibiotics

leprosy, TB

antimycobacterial agents are used to treat

protozoa and helminths

antiparasitic agents are used to treat

patient history and head to toe assessment

what should you use to to determine what is causing infection

antimicrobial agents

substances that inhibit the growth and metabolism of microorganisms within a host, need to be tissue compatible w injection or topical use

antibiotics

microbially produced antimicrobial agents, both natural and synthetic versions, “antibacterials”

selective toxicity

inhibiting target microorganisms while causing as little damage as possible to the host cells

narrow spectrum antibiotics

antibiotics that target a very limited number of species, a short list

broad spectrum antibiotics

antibiotics that target a broad range of species, a long list

spectrum of activity

what microbes are a particular drug useful against

damage is limited to target cells

advantages of narrow spectrum dugs

useful against limited species

disadvantages of narrow spectrum drugs

useful against numerous species

advantages of broad spectrum drugs

less selective in toxicity, damages normal biota and is toxic to patient

disadvantages of broad spectrum drugs

superinfection

secondary infection that results from primary infection or infection intervention

microbial antagonism

job of normal microbiota, helps to repel pathogens and keep them in check, limits overgrowth

candida albicans infx, c-diff

examples of superinfections

penicillins, carbapenems, cephalosporins

beta-lactams

cell wall synthesis

what do beta lactams target

aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides

what targets ribosomes/inhibition of protein synthesis

polymyxins

what targets the disruption of the cytopoplasmic membrane

colistin

drug of last results for MDR GN-, very toxic to patient

vancomyscin

drug of last results for MDR GP+, very toxic to patient (renal toxicity, ototoxicity)

sulfonamides, trimethoprim

targets the inhibition of a general metabolic pathway aka antifolates or sulfa drugs

Quinolones (knock out DNA replication/synthesis) & Rifampin (knocks out RNA synthesis)

targets the inhibition of DNA or RNA synthesis

broader spectrum than natural penicillins including some Gram- bacteria

cephalosporins are