Things to memorize Orgo 1 Exam 1

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Last updated 3:30 PM on 9/21/26
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48 Terms

1
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Alkyl halide

a compound in which a halogen is connected to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom

<p>a compound in which a halogen is connected to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom</p>
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Alkene

hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond

<p>hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond</p>
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Alkyne

hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond

<p>hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon triple bond</p>
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Alcohol

heteroatomic molecule with -OH group and one R group attached

<p>heteroatomic molecule with -OH group and one R group attached</p>
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Ether

heteroatomic molecule with two R groups attached to an oxygen

<p>heteroatomic molecule with two R groups attached to an oxygen</p>
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Thiol

molecule with an -SH group bonded to one R group

<p>molecule with an -SH group bonded to one R group</p>
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Sulfide (thioethers)

a molecule with two R groups attached to a sulfur atom

<p>a molecule with two R groups attached to a sulfur atom</p>
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Aromatic (benzene ring)

6 carbons in a ring form with alternating single and double bonds

<p>6 carbons in a ring form with alternating single and double bonds </p>
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Ketone

when two R groups are attached to a carbonyl group

<p>when two R groups are attached to a carbonyl group</p>
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Aldehyde

when a carbonyl group has an R group and hydrogen attached to it

<p>when a carbonyl group has an R group and hydrogen attached to it</p>
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Carboxylic acid

when a carbonyl group has an R group and an -OH group bonded to it

<p>when a carbonyl group has an R group and an -OH group bonded to it </p>
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Acyl halide

when a carbonyl group has an R group and halogen atom attached to it

<p>when a carbonyl group has an R group and halogen atom attached to it</p>
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Anhydride

when two carbonyl groups are bridged together by an oxygen atom and each have an R group

<p>when two carbonyl groups are bridged together by an oxygen atom and each have an R group</p>
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Ester

a molecule comprised of a carbonyl group with an R group attached and a special —OR group

<p>a molecule comprised of a carbonyl group with an R group attached and a special —OR group</p>
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Amide

a molecule comprised of a carbonyl group with an R group on one side and a nitrogen atom on the other

<p>a molecule comprised of a carbonyl group with an R group on one side and a nitrogen atom on the other</p>
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Amine

derived from ammonia (NH3), classifed as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of R groups that replace hydrogens

<p>derived from ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), classifed as primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the number of R groups that replace hydrogens</p>
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Heteroatomic molecules

molecules that can contain atoms different than hydrogen and carbon

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Carbonyl group

a carbon-oxygen double bonded together

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Methane (CH4) bond angle

109.5

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pKa for Methane (CH4)

50

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pKa for Ammonia (NH3)

38

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pKa for Water (H2O)

14

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pKa for HF

3.2

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pKa for HCl

-7.0

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Alkane

hydrocarbon comprised only of single bonds

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Propane

3 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3CH2CH3

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Butane

4 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3CH2CH2CH3

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Pentane

5 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)3CH3

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Hexane

6 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)4CH3

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Heptane

7 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)5CH3

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Octane

8 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)6CH3

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Nonane

9 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)7CH3

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Decane

10 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)8CH3

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Undecane

11 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)9CH3

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Dodecane

12 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)10CH3

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Tridecane

13 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)11CH3

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Tetradecane

14 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)12CH3

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Pentadecane

15 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)13CH3

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Hexadecane

16 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)14CH3

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Heptadecane

17 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)15CH3

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Octadecane

18 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)16CH3

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Nonadecane

19 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)17CH3

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Eicosane

20 carbon straight-chain alkane; CH3(CH2)18CH3

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Ethane pKa

50

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Ethene pKa

42

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Ethyne pKa

24

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Carboxylic acid pKa

between 4-5

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Alcohol pKa

16-18