Agricultural and Industrial Revolution Review

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from the Agricultural and Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution

A major industrialization period beginning in Britain in the late 1700s and early 1800s.

Scientific Revolution

The period that paved the way for new inventions and innovations.

Natural resources

The reason for industrialization in England centered on materials and workforce.

Technological advancements

The focus on innovations and inventions that drove industrialization.

Access to Capital

The reason for industrialization in England related to having the money to invest.

Adequate food supply

A necessary condition that must come first before a nation can industrialize.

Seed drill

Jethro Tull's invention that deposits seeds in rows.

Enclosures

The process that consolidated land in England during the Agricultural Revolution.

Agricultural Revolution

Resulted in increased food production and population growth.

Crop rotation

An agricultural practice that increased soil nutrients and efficiency.

Steel plow

A tool that broke up tough soil, increasing farming efficiency.

Mechanical reaper

Invented to speed up the harvesting of crops.

Iron

The strong material first used to build structures during the 1st Industrial Revolution.

Steam engine

The key power source of the 1st Industrial Revolution.

Effects of steamships and steam locomotives

Made transportation faster and cheaper.

First factories

Manufactured textiles primarily during the industrialization.

Flying shuttle

A device that helped weavers work faster.

Spinning jenny

An invention that allowed for the simultaneous spinning of multiple threads.

Power loom

A loom powered by water that increased weaving efficiency.

Interchangeable parts

Simplified the assembly and repair of products during the Industrial Revolution.

Middle class

The economic class that grew substantially during the Industrial Revolution.

Slums

Neighborhoods where the working class lived in cities.

Methodist movement

Channeled English workers away from violence and towards reforms.

Bessemer Process

A method for mass producing steel.

Uses of steel

Tools, bridges, and railroads were made possible by steel production.

Electricity

An important advancement that transformed industries during the Industrial Revolution.

Internal combustion engine

The type of engine used for transportation during the Industrial Revolution.

Assembly line

A benefit supplied by Henry Ford in the automobile industry to increase efficiency.

Telegraph

One of the innovations that initially created long distance communication.

Undersea Cable

An innovation that facilitated long distance communication across oceans.

Telephone

An innovation allowing for speaking and hearing over distances.

Oil

Used for lighting and as a fuel for engines.

Wright brothers

Key innovators who developed the first successful airplane.

U.S. industrial power

Resulted from tax breaks, land grants for railroads, and laws allowing corporation formation.

Government

The entity that allowed business and industry to develop in the U.S.

Success in U.S. industrialization

Resulted from the absence of overt industry regulation.

U.S. forced trade opening

The United States forced Japan to open its trade.

Meiji Restoration

A goal to modernize and transform Japan.

Key industries during Meiji Restoration

Expansions and advancements in various sectors, especially textiles.

Exploited workers in textile industries

Often included unskilled laborers, including women and children.

Dominant industry in Russian industrialization

Railroad construction and associated machinery.

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Included technological changes, agricultural improvements, and investment capital.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution

Urbanization, technological advancements, and poor working conditions.