Recording-2025-02-18T20:04:22

Formal Charge

A theoretical charge assigned to an atom in a molecule, calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons in the free atom to the number of electrons assigned to it in the molecule.

Resonance Structures

Different Lewis structures that represent the same molecule, where the actual structure is a hybrid of the resonance forms.

Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)

A model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the extent of electron-pair electrostatic repulsion.

Electronegativity

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Ionic Compound Naming

The naming of compounds in which metals (cations) combine with nonmetals (anions), using the name of the metal followed by the name of the nonmetal with an 'ide' suffix.

Covalent Compounds

Compounds formed by the sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms, often requiring the use of prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element.

Tetrahedral Geometry

A molecular geometry with one atom at the center and four atoms at the corners of a tetrahedron; bond angles are approximately 109.5 degrees.

Trigonal Planar Geometry

A molecular geometry where three atoms are bonded to a central atom in a plane with 120-degree bond angles.

Bent Shape

A molecular configuration that occurs when there are two bonded pairs and one or more lone pairs, resulting in a non-linear shape.

Polyatomic Ions

Ions that consist of two or more atoms bonded together that function as a single charged entity.

Acids Naming

Naming conventions for acids based on the presence of polyatomic ions, with 'ic' or 'ous' suffixes derived from the name of the ions.