World History Unit 3 Vocab

Humanism

Intellectual movement focused on education and the classics

Humanities

Study of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history in ancient Greece and Rome

Vernacular

Everyday language of ordinary people

Florence

City in northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance

Patron

Person who provides financial support for the arts

Perspective

Artistic technique for a three-dimensional effect in paintings and drawings

Engraving

Art form where an artist etches a design on a metal plate and makes multiple prints

Utopian

Idealistic or visionary, describing a perfect society

Indulgence

Pardon for sins in the Roman Catholic Church

Wittenberg

City in Germany where Luther drew up his 95 Theses

Diet

Assembly or legislature

Predestination

Calvinist belief in God's predetermined salvation

Theocracy

Government run by religious leaders

Geneva

Swiss city-state that became a Calvinist theocracy

Sect

Subgroup or major religious group

Canonize

Recognize a person as a saint

Compromise

Agreement with concessions, an acceptable middle ground

Council of Trent

Group of Catholic leaders that met to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the Catholic Church

Heliocentric

Belief that the sun is the center of the universe

Scientific Method

Step-by-step process to confirm findings and prove or disprove a hypothesis

Hypothesis

Unproved theory accepted for explaining facts or further investigation

Calculus

Branch of mathematics using special symbolic notations, developed by Isaac Newton

Gravity

Force that attracts objects toward each other, developed by Isaac Newton