EFB 485 Anura Lab Quiz

fused bones

5-9 presacral vertebrae

caudal vertebrae fused into urostyle

two illia

Anura characteristics

reproduction method of anura

external fertilization

Amplexus

delineate embryonic and larval development

gosner stages

frogs:

- dorsolateral skin folds

- tympanum

toads:

- warts

- cranial crest

- parotoid gland

frogs vs toads

Family Bombinatoridae:

Family bellied toads, flat headed toads

Family Pipidae

African clawed frogs, Suriname toads

Suriname toads:

- Family Pipidae

- tongueless

- eggs are embedded into females back

African Clawed Frog:

- Family Pipidae

- depressed bodies, large hind legs

- fully webbed hind feet, unwebbed front feet

- lateral line system

Scaphiopus holbrookii (eastern spadefoot):

• Family Scaphiopodidae

• fossorial

• vertical pupil

• gold eyes

• sickle shaped dark ridge (spade) on underside of foot

• no parotoid gland

• special concern

Family Myobatrachidae

Australian toadlets, turtle frogs

Turtle frogs:

• live in Perth Australia

Family Centrolenidae: Glass frogs

• s & central america

• transparent abdominal skin

• adhesive discs toe

• mostly arboreal

Family Dendrobatidae: Poison frogs

• central & s. america

• highly evolved parental care

• aposematic

• skin alkaloids acquired from diet

Family Bufonidae:

• rough glandular skin

• short limbs

• parotoid glands

• stringy egg masses

True Toads

Anaxyrus americanus:

• Family Bufonidae

• stout, rough skin

• 1-2 warts per black spot

• parotoid glands dont usually touch cranial crest

• spots on belly

• parotoid glands

• habitat generalits

Anaxyrus fowleri

• Family Bufonidae

• 3-5 warts per dark spot

• creamy unspotted belly

• parotoid gland usually touches cranial crest

• long island

Family Hylidae:

• high diversity in tropics

• expanded toe pads

• most arboreal, some ground dwelling

Acris crepitans:

• smallest frog in nys

• small dorsal warts, light bell, dark triangle between eyes

• male have yellow throat during breeding season

• highly webbed feet

• habitat specialist in vegetated wetlands

• endangered

Hyla versicolor:

• stout, tree dwelling, rough skin

• green to gray

• light spot with dark edge below eyes

• large toe discs

• breed lat spring to early summer

Hyla chrysoscelis:

• morphologically identical to H. versicolor

• call slightly faster than H.versicolor

  • varies with temp

• mostly along lake Erie & Ontario

Pseudacris crucifer:

• small with x on back

• narrow waist, cream colored undersied

• dark patch by eye

• habitat generalists

• breed early in spring

• alllll over nys

Pseudacris triseriata:

• small & brown with ~3 dark stripes down back

• facial mask, white moustache, white belly

• poorly developed toe discs

• grasslands, forests edge

Afroasian Tree Frogs:

• Family Rhacophoridae

• small to large tree frogs with enlarged toe pads

• some have extensive webbing between toes, used to glide from canopies