2-Dimensional Media, Drawing, Painting, and Printmaking

Flashcards covering vocabulary, media, and methods for drawing, painting, and printmaking based on the lecture notes and Michelangelo case study.

Hatching

Building parallel lines to create texture, mass and volume; keeping lines close builds dark patches while opening lines creates lighter areas.

Cross-Hatching

Building sets of parallel lines and overlaying them while crossing axis.

Shading

Blending values to build atmosphere, mass and weight, and to push and pull shadows.

Stippling

Marks made of dots to shade.

Heightening / Highlighting

Building light by applying brights, such as white or an eraser, to push and pull light.

Contour

A type of Outline representing the edges that define an object and noting the break between figures and background.

Charcoal

The world's oldest drawing media, in use since Prehistory and found in cave paintings مانند the Lascaux Cave in France.

Acrylic

The newest paint media developed in the $1950's$ with a plastic binder, popular for mural painting.

Pigment

The substance that provides hue or color for paint and ink.

Binder

The substance that holds paint pigment together.

Vehicle

The substance that moves the paint pigment.

Watercolor

A staining technique using a binder of gum Arabic and water as a vehicle, typically painted on rag paper.

Tempera

A paint medium using a binder of egg and water as a vehicle.

Encaustic

A paint medium using a binder of bee's wax and heat as a vehicle.

Oil Paint

A paint medium using linseed oil as both the binder and the vehicle.

Fresco

A paint medium using lime plaster as a binder and water as a vehicle.

Gesso

A primer or size that serves as the first layer of a painting to block absorption; modern versions are acrylic and water based.

Support

The surface an image is painted on, such as canvas, paper, wood, wall, or fabric.

Impasto

A thick treatment of paint applied to the surface of the support, creating a textured, bumpy quality where light refracts off the surface.

Glazing

Thin layers of paint applied to the support to create a life-like quality as light enters and refracts back.

Matrix

The master image surface that holds the design from which multiple consistent copies are made in printmaking.

Relief Printing

The oldest type of printing from China, involving a stamping process such as a woodcut.

Edition

A set of multiple original images created from the same matrix; a Classical Edition consists of $5$ prints.

Artist Proof (AP)

A check point used for a developing image to view its progress.

Lithography

A print process involving greasy images marked on limestone.

Engraving

An intaglio process where lines are carved directly into a metal plate, resulting in a crisp line quality.

Drypoint

An intaglio process that creates a velvety line due to the burr, which is the residue metal remaining on the plate.

Etching

An intaglio process using an acid bath to create a crisp line quality in the final product.

Screenprinting

The only forward print process, used in both the Fine Arts and commercial mass marketing.

Cartoons

Large scale, to-size drawings used as a foundation for transferring images to another support, often used in fresco work.

Pouncing

A transfer technique involving pricking the outlines of a design with a needle and using powdered black chalk to transfer it to a wall.

Recto and Verso

Refers to the opposite sides of a sheet of paper; usually Recto is the front or more important side.