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Marxism, Neo-Marxism, Social Action (Labelling)
Is Marxism a structural theory?
Yes
Is Marxism a macro or micro theory?
Macro
Is Marxism a consensus or conflict theory?
Conflict
Who came up with the criminogenic capitalism theory?
Gordon
What is criminogenic capitalism?
Capitalism causes crime
What are the 3 features of criminogenic capitalism?
Proletarian revenge
Alienation and powerlessness
Values of capitalism
What is proletarian revenge?
Capitalism encourages the working class to gain wealth illegitimately
What is alienation and powerlessness?
Working class men get frustrated and commit violent crimes
What are the values of capitalism?
Materialism
Individualism
Competition
Envy
Who do the values of capitalism affect?
Everyone
Why do the values of capitalism cause crime?
Makes people think that they should gain as much wealth as possible by any means
Who argued law creation?
Chambliss
What is law creation?
Laws are created to protect private property and are not created if they don’t serve the rich’s needs
What did Chambliss find in his study?
Rich used their wealth to bribe officials and avoid punishment
Working class were more likely to be arrested
When and where did Chambiss’ study take place?
Seattle 1978
What did Snider argue?
State is reluctant to pass laws that regulate the activities of businesses
What did HSBC do?
Handled funds from drug cartels, terrorist groups and dictators (money laundering)
What happened to HSBC?
1.9 billion dollar fine
What did Pearce argue?
Health and safety laws are disguised as something that helps the poor but are only in place because it means that the workforce is active
What did Reiman argue?
Street crimes are more likely to be pursued than white collar crime
What did Box argue?
Mystification
What is mystification?
Using the ISA to convince the public that corporate crime is less serious
What is critical criminology?
Approach based on Marxism but has influences like labelling theory
What does voluntarist?
People decide to commit crime
What is robin hood?
Criminals are trying to redistribute wealth
What did Gilroy argue?
Myth of black criminality
What does the myth of black criminality suggest?
Young black criminals are politically motivated to commit crime
Why do black people commit crime according to Gilroy?
Marginalisation
Discovery of racism
Who wrote Policing the Crisis?
Hall
What did Hall argue?
Moral panic about black muggers was a diversion away from the economic crisis
What was Hall’s issue with the statistics about mugging?
Mugging was a new thing
What is primary deviance?
Initial acts of deviance
What is secondary deviance?
Deviance that happens as a result of being publicly labelled
What happens after secondary deviance is committed?
Criminal excluded from society
What is a deviant career?
Criminal commits more crime due to being excluded from society
What is deviance amplification?
Actions of rule enforcers or media cause an increase in deviance
Who argued labelling theory?
Becker
What did Lemert argue?
Societal reaction
Who conducted The Drug Takers study?
Jock Young
What did Cicourel argue?
Negotation of justice
What does Societal Reaction argue?
Reaction to primary deviance causes secondary deviance, and reaction to that creates a deviant career
What did Jock Young find in his study?
Police reaction to hippies caused them to flock together and take more drugs
What did Cicourel find in his study?
Police and courts would make typifications
What are typifications?
Stereotypes
What research methods did Cicourel use?
PO and non-PO for 4 years
What approach did Cicourel use for his study?
Phenomenological
What is the phenomenological approach?
Experiencing the same thing
What is an example of the negotiation of justice in modern day?
Bullingdon Club
What did Braithwaite argue?
Reintergrative and disintergrative shaming
What is reintergrative shaming?
Label act not actor
What is disintergrative shaming?
Person is shunned from society
Is Social Action theory macro or micro?
Micro
