Crime and Deviance 3

Marxism, Neo-Marxism, Social Action (Labelling)

Is Marxism a structural theory?

Yes

Is Marxism a macro or micro theory?

Macro

Is Marxism a consensus or conflict theory?

Conflict

Who came up with the criminogenic capitalism theory?

Gordon

What is criminogenic capitalism?

Capitalism causes crime

What are the 3 features of criminogenic capitalism?

• Proletarian revenge

• Alienation and powerlessness

• Values of capitalism

What is proletarian revenge?

Capitalism encourages the working class to gain wealth illegitimately

What is alienation and powerlessness?

Working class men get frustrated and commit violent crimes

What are the values of capitalism?

• Materialism

• Individualism

• Competition

• Envy

Who do the values of capitalism affect?

Everyone

Why do the values of capitalism cause crime?

Makes people think that they should gain as much wealth as possible by any means

Who argued law creation?

Chambliss

What is law creation?

Laws are created to protect private property and are not created if they don’t serve the rich’s needs

What did Chambliss find in his study?

• Rich used their wealth to bribe officials and avoid punishment

• Working class were more likely to be arrested

When and where did Chambiss’ study take place?

Seattle 1978

What did Snider argue?

State is reluctant to pass laws that regulate the activities of businesses

What did HSBC do?

Handled funds from drug cartels, terrorist groups and dictators (money laundering)

What happened to HSBC?

1.9 billion dollar fine

What did Pearce argue?

Health and safety laws are disguised as something that helps the poor but are only in place because it means that the workforce is active

What did Reiman argue?

Street crimes are more likely to be pursued than white collar crime

What did Box argue?

Mystification

What is mystification?

Using the ISA to convince the public that corporate crime is less serious

What is critical criminology?

Approach based on Marxism but has influences like labelling theory

What does voluntarist?

People decide to commit crime

What is robin hood?

Criminals are trying to redistribute wealth

What did Gilroy argue?

Myth of black criminality

What does the myth of black criminality suggest?

Young black criminals are politically motivated to commit crime

Why do black people commit crime according to Gilroy?

• Marginalisation

• Discovery of racism

Who wrote Policing the Crisis?

Hall

What did Hall argue?

Moral panic about black muggers was a diversion away from the economic crisis

What was Hall’s issue with the statistics about mugging?

Mugging was a new thing

What is primary deviance?

Initial acts of deviance

What is secondary deviance?

Deviance that happens as a result of being publicly labelled

What happens after secondary deviance is committed?

Criminal excluded from society

What is a deviant career?

Criminal commits more crime due to being excluded from society

What is deviance amplification?

Actions of rule enforcers or media cause an increase in deviance

Who argued labelling theory?

Becker

What did Lemert argue?

Societal reaction

Who conducted The Drug Takers study?

Jock Young

What did Cicourel argue?

Negotation of justice

What does Societal Reaction argue?

Reaction to primary deviance causes secondary deviance, and reaction to that creates a deviant career

What did Jock Young find in his study?

Police reaction to hippies caused them to flock together and take more drugs

What did Cicourel find in his study?

Police and courts would make typifications

What are typifications?

Stereotypes

What research methods did Cicourel use?

PO and non-PO for 4 years

What approach did Cicourel use for his study?

Phenomenological

What is the phenomenological approach?

Experiencing the same thing

What is an example of the negotiation of justice in modern day?

Bullingdon Club

What did Braithwaite argue?

Reintergrative and disintergrative shaming

What is reintergrative shaming?

Label act not actor

What is disintergrative shaming?

Person is shunned from society

Is Social Action theory macro or micro?

Micro