Polysaccharides

What are polysaccharides composed of?

Many monosaccharides linked together.

Name three examples of polysaccharides and where they can be found.

Starch (potato, wheat, rice)

Glycogen (muscle cells, liver)

Cellulose (plant cell walls, paper).

What differentiate starch, glycogen, and cellulose?

The type of bonding among glucose molecules.

What is starch used for in plants?

Good energy store

How does starch affect water movement in plant cells?

Starch is less soluble than glucose, preventing water from being drawn into the cells by osmosis and causing swelling.

What two types of starch make up starch in plants?

Amylose (unbranched chains linked by a 1 - 4 glycosidic bonds)

Amylopectin (branched chains with a 1 - 6 glycosidic bonds).

What is the role of glycogen in animal cells?

Good energy store

Describe the solubility of glycogen in water.

Glycogen is mostly insoluble in water, which helps prevent swelling of cells due to osmosis.

What is one major difference between glycogen and starch?

Glycogen has more 1 - 6 glycosidic bonds and is more complex due to a higher number of branches.

Where is glucose made in animals?

Glucose is made in muscle and liver cells of animals.

What is both glucose and starch composed of?

Alpha glucose molecules