Bio Test 3/8

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Developed early microscope, popularized 'animalcules' drawing.

Robert Hooke

Coined 'cell' term from plant cork observation.

Robert Brown

Coined 'cell nucleus' term in 1833.

Mathias Schleiden

Stated all plants are made of cells.

Theodore Schwann

Stated all animals are made of cells.

Rudolf Virchow

Stated new cells come from existing cells.

Cell Theory

Living things composed of cells, cells from pre-existing cells.

Modern Cell Theory

Living things composed of cells, cells from pre-existing cells, contain specialized parts.

Prokaryotes

Unicellular, lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotes

Unicellular/multicellular, have nucleus and organelles.

Cell Membrane Function

Controls material movement in/out of cell, made of phospholipid bilayer.

Cell Wall

Rigid structure distinguishing plant and animal cells.

Diffusion

Particles move to equilibrium without energy, e.g., oxygen in bloodstream.

Osmosis

Water diffusion across selective membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion

Molecule movement through protein channels.

Active Transport

Material movement against gradient, requiring energy.

Endocytosis

Cell surrounds and takes in materials, e.g., WBC engulfing invaders.

Exocytosis

Expulsion of materials from cell.

Isotonic Solution

Equal solute concentration inside and outside cell.

Hypotonic Solution

Lower solute concentration outside cell.

Hypertonic Solution

Higher solute concentration outside cell.

Lytic Cycle

Virus attaches, replicates, assembles, and releases.

Lysogenic Cycle

Viral DNA integrates into host, replicates with host DNA.

Pathogens

Microorganisms causing diseases by disrupting body functions.

Germ Theory of Disease

Pathogens cause diseases, discovered through research.

Microscope Invention

Led to cell theory development.

Viruses' Life Status

There is debate but they’re considered NONLIVING