Overview of Physical Activity and Kinesiology Spheres

Flashcards cover definitions and concepts from the lecture notes on physical activity, the spheres of life (self-sufficiency, expression, work, education, leisure, health, competition), and the role of kinesiologists.

What is the technical definition of physical activity?

Activity that is intentional, voluntary, and directed toward a goal; not all movement qualifies.

Do all muscular actions count as physical activity under the narrow kinesiologist definition?

No; only movements that are intentional, voluntary, and directed toward a purposeful end count.

What does Movement mean in this context?

A change in position of body parts relative to each other or in space.

Are all movement forms considered physical activity?

No; all physical activity is movement, but not all movement is physical activity.

What is included in the Sphere of Self-Sufficiency?

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), and home maintenance activities.

What are ADLs?

Personal care behaviors: bathing, dressing, transferring, using the toilet, eating, and walking.

What are IADLs?

More strenuous tasks than ADLs: light housework, preparing meals, taking medications, shopping, and using the telephone.

What are Home Maintenance Activities?

More complex, energy-demanding tasks such as shoveling snow, repair work, and painting a home.

What is the Challenge for Kinesiologists regarding aging populations?

To prevent or slow functional decline due to age, increase activity, improve quality of life, and lower healthcare costs.

What do gestures communicate in general?

Intentional movements that supplement or replace words and reflect cultural differences.

What are Emblems in gestures?

Directly translatable gestures (e.g., hand signals) that convey specific messages.

What are Illustrators?

Gestures that accompany speech and indicate emotion or tone.

What are Regulators?

Movements that guide the flow of conversation, such as greetings or partings.

Why is culture important for gestures?

Gestures’ meanings are culture-specific and can change over time.

What is the role of Dance and Rituals in physical activity?

Dance expresses attitudes/feelings; rituals express truth or sacred values in symbolic form.

What is the difference between Ergonomists and Human Factors Engineers?

Ergonomists focus on anatomy and biomechanics; Human Factors Engineers rely on psychology to improve work systems.

How can technology affect work-related physical activity?

It may decrease the amount of physical activity at work, increasing risk for diseases from inactivity.

How can kinesiologists contribute to the workplace?

Improve methods, redesign workspaces and tools, and prevent/rehabilitate work-related injuries.

What does the Sphere of Education cover?

Instruction in sport and exercise; physical education; fitness and education programs integrated across levels.

What is the difference between Physical Education and Instruction in Sport and Exercise?

Physical education is the traditional PE class; instruction in sport and exercise occurs in gyms, clubs, resorts, and private settings and is broader.

What major factor reduces vigorous activity in schools?

Screen time; PE time is sometimes limited, especially for low-socioeconomic status students.

What are the objectives of Public School Physical Education Programs?

To promote accessible instruction and influence health and activity; evolving from sport focus to fitness emphasis.

What is the Sphere of Leisure about?

Leisure is a state of mind; free time is personal time; achieving leisure requires psychological detachment from other life aspects.

How is physical activity related to Leisure Activities?

Leisure includes both sedentary and large-muscle activities; aging affects leisure participation and benefits.

What challenges do kinesiologists face in promoting leisure physical activity?

Encouraging participation, showing benefits of leisure, and guiding youth to establish lifelong activity habits.

What is the Sphere of Competition about?

Competition in physical activity, which can be positive or negative and can occur in sport or exercise.

What are examples of competition types?

Side-by-side (swimming), face-to-face noncontact (tennis), face-to-face contact (football), and impersonal (attempt to beat a record).

What is the origin of the word competition?

From a Latin root meaning “to strive together”; commonly thought as striving against someone.

What is the Challenge for Kinesiologists regarding competition?

Fostering enjoyable, fair competition while reducing injuries and ensuring safety.