HOSA Pathophysiology Integumentary

seborrheic dermatitis

inflammation of the oil/sebaceous glands; increased sebum production

contact dematitis

acute inflammation response of the skin triggered by a chemical/substance; causes redness, welling, vesicles that ooze itch burn/sting

Atopic dermatitis (Eczema)

chronic inflammation of the skin; rash occurs in face, neck , elbows, knees, and upper trunk of the body along with itching

Urticaria (hives)

severe itching followed by redness and an area of swelling (wheal) in a certain area

angioedema

A condition characterized by regions or areas of subcutaneous swelling due to allergic reaction to food or drugs

psoriasis

chronic condition where thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes covered with white, silvery scales; inflammatory and chronic; may be autoimmune

rosacea

chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin which causes redness, primarily in the areas of blushing/flushing

comedones

also called blackheads; masses of sebum trapped in the hair follicles

acne vulgaris

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Papules, pustules, and comedones are present

macule

A circumscribed, flat, nonpalpable change in skin color

papule

small, firm, elevated lesion

nodule

palpable elevated lesion which varies in size

pustule

a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus

vesicle (blister)

elevated, thin walled lesion containing clear fluid

plaque

large, slighty elevated lesion with flat surface, of ten topped by scale

crust

dry, rough surface or dried exudate/blood

lichenification

thick, dry, rough surface (leather like)

keloid

Abnormal growth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular

fissure

Crack in the skin that penetrates the epidermis, such as chapped hands or lips.

ulcer

A deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars.

erosion

shallow, moist cavity in epidermis

comedo

mass of sebum, keratin and debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle

herpes zoster (shingles)

acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles; caused by VZV virus

dermatomes

An area of skin (nerves) that relay sensation / pain from a particular region of skin. May be location of Referred Pain

impetigo

common, contagious , superficial skin infection. forms thick yellow crusts; caused by staph aureus or strep

furuncles(boil)

pus-containing abscess taht involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue

carbuncle

large boil or multiple boils in close by follicles; caused by staph aureus mostly

cellulitis

acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; occurs mostly in lower parts; redness and swelling develops with skin becoming tender and hot

dermatophytoses (tinea)

chronic superficial fungal infections;

seborrheic keratosis

benign growths in the epidermis; painless lesions colored

dermatofibroma

benign and can be found anywhere; scaly hard slightly raised and pinkish brown caused by fibrous and viral infections

keratoacnthoma

smooth red dome-shaped papule with a central crust

epidermal/sebaceous cyst

sebaceous gland fills with a thick fluid .

keloid/hypertrophic scars

secondary to trauma, harmless

acrochordon

Small outgrowth of epidermal and dermal tissue; skin tags

actinic keratosis

a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight

BCC

Basal cell carcinoma

SCC

squamous cell carcinoma

MALIGNANT MELANOMA

Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.(ABCDE)

ALBINISM

Autosomal Recessive , a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair)

Vitiligo

Benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment. Milk-white patches.

Melasma (chloasma)

hyperpigmentation, asscociated with pregnacny. mask of pregnancy, also seen in ocp.

hemangioma

Benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels.

nevi (moles)

Flat or raised macules or papules with rounded, welldefined borders.

pityriasis

"Herald Patch" followed days later by "Christmas tree" distribution. Multiple papular eruptions, remits spontaneously.

abnormal suntan

adverse effect resulting from proper drug, medicinal, or biological substance properly administered. Some drugs and certain diseases such as Addison's disease can produce a suntan without exposure to sunlight.

alopecia

Baldness scalp

folliculitis

inflammatory reaction of the hair follicles that produces red, pustular lesions

corns/calluses

temporary thickenings of the stratum corneum that develop where the skin has been subjected to unusual friction

verrucae/warts

skin lesions caused by the human papilloma virus/Plantar develop on the sale of the foot

paronychia

infection of the skin around a nail