Prayer

How early do references to prayer appear in Greek literature?

As early as Homer (8th century BC)

What was the motive of prayer in Greek thought?

To gain the favor of the gods, who were stronger than humans and controlled success in life.

How did Greeks view their gods?

They had anthropomorphic concepts- giving the gods human form and traits.

What was Greek piety like?

Humans kept a respectful distance, never trying to rival or unite mystically with the gods. 

Common elements of Greek prayers:

petitions for needs

lament

forgiveness of sins

justice against oppression

intercession (praying) for others

What attitude did the Greeks maintain toward divine will?

They showed submission- it was foolish to resist the gods’ will

What does prayer express in the Old Testament?

God’s greatness and human humility

What is the greatest collection of Israel’s prayers?

The Book of Psalms

What type of prayers are found in Psalms?

Hymns of praise

petitions

laments for forgiveness

prayer for justice

Intercessions

What does the Wisdom of Solomon reflect?

It also reflects the spirit of prayer

What does prayer show about Israel’s relationship with God?

Trust, dependence, and adoration; belief that God listens to His people

What new aspect does the New Testament bring to prayer?

Prayer becomes a conversation with God the Father through Jesus Christ

What is the norm for human existence in Christian prayer?

The will of God

The Baptism of Jesus (Mark 1)

The Father declares Jesus “Beloved Son”; the Holy Spirit descends as a dove

The Transfiguration (Mark 9)

The Father again calls Jesus the Beloved Son; the Spirit appears as a cloud

The Garden of Gethsemane

Jesus prays “Abba, Father”, teaching a relationship of intimacy and trust with God

What is the “Our Father” known as? (Mark 6; Luke 11)

Intimacy; “Abba" as well

What truths does the Lord’s prayer/ Our Father reveal?

1. Simplicity and sincerity of heart

2. God reveals Himself to childlike faith

3. dependence on GOd for forgiveness and protection

4. Prayer for God’s glory, His will, and spiritual sustenance

What does Jesus emphasize in His priestly prayer? (John 17:1-26)

Unity among believers and the divine relationship between Father, Son, and Spirit

What does Paul teach about prayer?

to pray without ceasing, remaining aware of God’s saving presence.

What is the root of constant prayer?

Inner peace and loving union with Christ

What is the heart of Christian prayer?

The Holy Eucharist, recalling Christ’s self-sacrifice for humanity

What does worship celebrate?

the person and mission of Christ

What are believers called to?

Mutual patience, willingness to suffer for God, and sharing in christ’s glory

How is Christ described in prayer theology?

Lord of Creation, Head of the Church, and fulfillment of the New Israel.

How is prayer presented in the Book of Revelation?

As praise within heavenly liturgy, it celebrates God’s victory over evil.

How does Paul describe Prayer?

A mystery unfolding through history

a response to God’s power

A dialogue deepening familiarity with Christ

What are the four marks of Christian prayer according to Paul?

Trinitarian (to the Father, through the Son, in the Spirit)

Dynamic (faith, hope, love)

Apostolic (for all people)

Eschatological (uniting believers with the risen Christ)

Luke 11:5-9 - The Friend at Midnight

A man persistently asks for bread and is answered due to persistence.

Luke 18:2-5 - The Widow and the Unjust Judge

The judge grants her request because of her perseverance.
Lesson: Keep praying without giving up.

Who was Tertullian and what did he write?

Father of Latin Theology (c. 200 AD); wrote the Treatise on Prayer.

What did Tertullian teach about prayer?

Prayer is a personal response to the experience of God’s presence.

What do all Christian schools of prayer agree on

1. Prayer is necessary for salvation.

2. Prayer is a gift of God in Jesus Christ.

What virtues sustain fruitful prayer?

Faith, hope, and love.

What is the purpose of prayer in Judaism?

To build a relationship with God, serve Him with the heart, and obey His commandments.

What are the main purposes and practices of Jewish prayer?

• Express belief in God

• Participate in communal worship

• Offer praise, thanks, and petitions

• Obey and love God

How many times a day do Jews pray?

Three times a day — morning, afternoon, and evening.

What must accompany Jewish prayer?

Total concentration and sincerity of heart.

What is the goal of Jewish prayer?

A change of heart—moving closer to God and others.

What does synagogue prayer emphasize?

Relationship with God and the community.

What is prayer (Salat) in Islam?

One of the Five Pillars of Islam, a mandatory daily act of worship and a reminder of God’s mercy.

What must Muslims do before prayer?

Ritual washing (wudu) of hands, feet, arms, and legs; wear clean, modest clothing.

What are the five daily prayers in Islam?

• Fajr – Dawn: start the day remembering God.

• Dhuhr – Midday: seek guidance during work/study.

• Asr – Afternoon: reflect on life’s meaning.

• Maghrib – Sunset: thank God as the day ends.

• Isha – Night: recall God’s presence and forgiveness.

What happens if a prayer is missed?

It must be made up as soon as possible or combined with the next prayer.

What is missing prayer considered?

A serious lapse of faith.

How many purposes of prayer are there in Hinduism?

Twelve, expressing dependence on and relationship with the Divine.

Name some main purposes of Hindu prayer.

• Depend on God for help

• Seek enlightenment

• Ask for peace

• Commune with God in devotion

• Surrender oneself

• Ask for ability or strength to act rightly.

• Thank and praise God

• Expect God’s Presence and guidance

• Make friends with God

• Melt the mind and ego through meditation

• Request God to give strength

• Ask God to purify the heart

What are the two parts of prayer in Hinduism?

1. Asking for a favor

2. Surrendering to the divine will

What is the ultimate goal of Hindu prayer?

Union with the Divine through devotion, surrender, and purity of heart.