APUSH Period 3

french and indian war

war between britain and france for control over north america (specifically in ohio river valley)

harry mentioned how this changed everything

salutary neglect

britain letting colonies govern themselves, mainly due to large distance

stopped during this period

harry mentios everything (setlists, lyrics, etc) need approval now

proclamation line of 1763

banned colonists from moving west to avoid native conflicts

harry compares eden coming back to this

Pontiac’s Rebellion

1763 native uprising after french left, tribes resisted british policies/expansion

harry compares this to eden coming back

Treaty of Paris

1763 ended seven years/f&i war: france lost nearly all american land and britain gained canada and all french land east of mississippi river

stamp act

1765 direct tax on printed goods (paper, newspapers, etc)

harry compared this to managements new rules

townshend acts

1767 tax on imported goods (glass, tea, paint)

tea act

1773 BEIC was the only permitted seller of tea to colonists

boston tea party

1773 protest dumping tea into boston harbor

boston massacre

1770 clash where british troops killed 5 colonists, fueled anger

paul revere’s engravings

1770 propaganda image where british shot 5 colonists

spread outrage and support for patriot cause

committees of correspondence

1772 secret networks by patriot leaders (samuel adams) to communicate colony wide

shared plans to resist british rule

paved way for first continental congress

sons of liberty

1765 radical group protesting british rule by planning boston tea party, boycotts, eyc

first continental congress

1774 delegats from colonies met up to discuss british laws

olive branch pettition

last attempt by colonists to make peace with king; rejected

send by second continental congress

asked to stop unfair laws, etc

marks shit from wanting rights as a british state to desire for independence

lexington and concord

1775 first shots of american revolution/start of revolutionary war

brtiish troops went to concord to arrest patriot leaders like asamuel adams and seize weapons

common sense

1776 pamphlet by thomas paine saying it was ‘common sense’ to separate from britain at this point and to fight for independence

declaration of independence

1776 written by thomas jefferson declared colonies independent from britain

ideas that all men are created equal and natural rights and if the government abuses rights people can overthrow it, which king george did

loyalists

colonists loyal to british government

patriots

colonists supportive of revolution

George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Paine

Battle of Saratoga

1777 turning point of war where the colonies won, convincing france to ally themselves with them (france helped them a LOT)

Valley Forge

1777 harsh winter camped in valley forge with soldiers and George Washington

symbol of what patriots were willing to go through for independence

showed washington’s strong leadership as he stayed with his men

french alliance

france supported US with military and money

big reason why they won in the end

Treaty of Paris 1783

ended war where britian recignized US independence

Battle of Yorktown

1781 last battle of revolutionary war

Washington’s Army and French troops trapped Cornwallis on land.

At the same time, the French navy blocked the British from escaping by sea

British surrendered

Articles of Confederation

1777-1789 first US government seeking to be everything Britain was not but ended up being weak

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

S — State Votes Were Equal
→ One vote per state, regardless of size

C — Couldn’t Collect Taxes
→ No power to raise money or fund anything

R — Regulation of Trade Was Missing
→ No control over interstate or foreign trade

I — Impossible to Amend Easily
→ All 13 states had to agree to make a change

N — No Executive Branch
→ No president or national leader to enforce laws

T — Total Lack of National Courts
→ No way to settle disputes between states

Shays’ Rebellion

1786 Shays' led farmers in MA because of debt (could not pay taxes) and losing farms

highlighted weaknesses of the AoC because of no national military

leads to constitutional convention of 1787 to edit AoC

Great Compromise

combined ideas of NJ and Virginia plans

2 houses in congress: house of representatives (representation based on population) and senate (equal rep of 2 senators / state)

Virginia Plan

Big states wanted representation based on population (more people=more power)

New Jersey Plan

Small states wanted equal state representation (not get overpowered)

three-fifths compromise

southern wanted slaves to count towards population to have more influence in the HoR

counted enslaved people as 3/5 of a person

southern states got more seats in HoR but paid slightly more in taxes

Ratification of the Constitution

1788 next after failure of AoC

needed 9/13 state approval

federalists vs anti federalists

federalists agreed to add bill of rights, which won people over

federalists

pro ratification

strong central govenrment

wrote federalist papers

anti-federalists

anti ratification

opposed too much federal power

more states rights/individual freedoms

bill of rights

Original US Constitution

1787 replaced AoC wth stronger federal government (exectuive, taxing, courts)

no BoR

anti federalists

federalist papers

85 essays to promote ratification of the constitution

Hamilton, james madison, john jay

non stop- hamilton cast

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments, led to anti-federalist agreement to ratification of constitution

• F – First Amendment → Freedom (speech, religion, press, etc.)

• A – Second Amendment → Arms (right to bear arms)

• S – Fourth Amendment → Search (protection from unreasonable search/seizure)

• T – Fifth Amendment → Testify (no self-incrimination, due process)

• D – Sixth Amendment → Defense (right to trial, lawyer, jury)

• S – Tenth Amendment → States (reserved powers)

Jay’s Treaty

1794 to ease tensiosn with british post revolutionary war 9brtiian serizing ameicn ships), washton sent john jay to negotate peace

britain agreed to leave us forts, limited trade rights, did not stop seizure of us ships

washington’s farewell address

warned against political parties and foreign involvement

democratic-republicans

• first political party (vs federalists)

• wanted states rights

alien & sedition acts

• laws limiting speech

• targeting immigrants

  • targeted democratic-republicans to suppress government criticism

• alien: let president deport non-citizens

• sedition: made illegal to speak out against government

• expired 1801, but similar ideas continued such as the espionage act and sedition acts

kentucky & virginia resolutions

• state efforts to nullify laws they deemed unconstitutional

• in response to alien and sedition acts

• governments powers are limited to what is explicitly states in the constitution

election of 1800

• jefferson defeated adams

• first peaceful transfer of power

• political shift, jefferson was DR

XYZ affair

• 1797 john marshall sent to delegate with the french by adams to ease war tensions

• france demanded bribes from US—upset americans

quasi-war

• 1798-1800 unofficial naval conflict between US and France

• france upset with proc. of neutrality

proclamation of neutrality

• 1793 washington issued stating US would not get involved with conflict between GB and France

• upset france who thought treaty of alliance was still in effect with the US

• seen as US betrayal

midnight judges

• 1801, last minute judicial appointments to upkeep federalist power

• due to judiciary act allowing new federal judgeships

marbury v madison

• 1803 established judicial review where supreme court could strike down unconstitutional laws

• marbury was a midnight judge appointed by adams did not get his seat and sued and even though he rightfully deserved the seat it was seen as an unconstitutional power to force rht court to give him a spot as a judge

pinckney’s treaty

• resolved territorial disputes regarding the boundary between the U.S. and Spanish Florida

• granted the U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi River

declaratory act

• 1766 after parliament conceded to ending stamp act, saying they had fullautheoity and the colonist had to follow their rules even after repealing taxes

albany plan

• 1754 franklin dream to unify colonies

• plan to create intercolonial government, never adopted

land ordanance of 1785

• divided western land into grid-like townships

• sold them to fund the government and support public school

northwest ordinance of 1787

• map to statehood

• set rules for creating new states

• banned slavery in northwest territory

fugitive slave clause

• even with slavery banned in northwest territory, mandated return of escaped slaves to owners (even if they were in a free state)

cabinet of advisors

• group of top officials advising president under washington

• secretary of treasury: james madison

• secretary of state: thomas jefferson

first national bank

• part of hamilton’s financial plan to stabilize US economy

• assume state debt

• necessary and proper clause

• jefferson and DR hated it due to its loose interpretation of the constitution

  • led to start of political parties

necessary & proper clause

• used to justify the national bank

• government can do and pass anything necessary and proper for maintaining government

republican motherhood

• women’s role (politically specifically) was to raise men who were educated and could later vote

• teaching democracy in the home