biotech I

EFB

european federation of biotechnology

the technique to alter the chemistry of genetic material to introduce these into host organism and thus change the phenotype of the host organism

genetic engineering

chromosome has a specific DNA sequence called ____ which is responsible for initiation of replication

origin of replication

1st recombinant is formed by the native plasmid of _____

salmonella typhimurium

scientist who performed 1st genetic engineering

stanley cohen, herbert boyer

in which year 1st genetic engineering was done

1973

the linking of DNA with antibiotic resistance gene with the plasmid vector became possible because of

DNA ligase

bacterium closely related to salmonella

E.coli

enzyme responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E.coli

restriction endonuclease

1st restriction endonuclease

Hind II

Hind II has recognition site of __ bp

6

about more than___ restriction enzyme are discovered

900

the restriction enzymes isolated from over ____ strains of bacteria

230

in EcoRI, R represents

name of strain

in EcoRI, I represents

order of isolation

Restriction endonuclease breaks the two strands of double helix at point

sugar phosphate backbone

the restriction endonuclease recognise a specific

Palindromic nucleotide sequence

fragments of DNA formed by restriction endonuclease is separated by

gel electrophoresis

the most commonly used matrix in gel electrophoresis is

agarose

the separated DNA fragments can be visualised after staining it with

ethidium bromide in UV light

the process of cutting of desired DNA fragment from agarose is called

elution

______ have a very high copy number of their genome

bacteriophage

sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA is linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells

origin of replication

helps in identifying and eliminating non transformants and selectively permit growth of transformants

selectable marker

which organism naturally doesn’t have antibiotic resistance genes

E.coli

non recombinant DNA in presence of chromogenic substrate

blue

recombinant DNA in presence of chromogenic substrate

white

which pathogen can deliver a piece of DNA to several dicot plants and transform it into tumour cell

agrobacterium tumefaciens

DNA is a

hydrophilic molecule

transfer of rDNA in animals

micro-injection

transfer of rDNA in plants

gene gun

in which method cells are bombarded with high velocity of microparticles of gold and tungsten coated with DNA in a method known as

gene gun

enzyme to digest bacterial cell wall

lysozyme

enzyme to digest fungal cell wall

chitinase

enzyme to digest plant cell wall

cellulase

the DNA that is precipitated out after adding chilled ethanol is removed by

spooling

PCR full form

polymerase chain reaction

It involves heating the DNA to around 94-98 degrees Celsius. This high temperature causes the double-stranded DNA to "denature" or separate into two single strands, making them accessible for primer binding

denaturation

It involves cooling the reaction mixture to around 50-65 degrees Celsius. During this phase, short DNA primers bind to their complementary sequences on the single-stranded DNA templates

annealing

the temperature is raised to about 72 degrees Celsius. Here, a heat-stable enzyme adds nucleotides to the primed DNA strand, synthesizing a new strand complementary to the template. It extends from the primers, effectively duplicating the DNA

extension

the enzyme used in the process of extension

taq polymerase

enzyme taq polymerase is obtained from

thermus aquaticus

to express a gene from a different species, often for research or biotechnological purposes is called

heterologous host

_____ type of culture method produces large biomass of desired product

Continuous culture system

which type of stirrer is this

simple stirrer tank

which type of stirrer is this

sparged tank bioreactor

which type of tank has usually cylindrical base or curved base to facilitate the mixing

simple stirred tank

which tank facilitates even mixing and oxygen availability throughout the reactor

simple stirrer tank

which type of tank has agitator system, oxygen delivery system, and foam control system, temperature control and pH control system

sparged tank bioreactor

which type of tank has sampling ports

sparged tank bioreactor

downstream processing include

separation and filtration