4.4

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Regression

Acting like a younger version of oneself in stressful situations.

eg: A teenager throws a tantrum when grounded.

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Denial

Refusing to accept reality.

eg: A smoker insists smoking isn't bad for health.

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Repression

Pushing painful memories or thoughts into the unconscious.
eg: A person forgets childhood abuse.

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Displacement

Taking out emotions on a safer target.

Example: Yelling at a sibling after getting in trouble at school.

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Submilation

Turning unacceptable impulses into acceptable actions.

Example: Someone with anger issues becomes a boxer.

Ego Defense Mechanisms:Projection

Attributing one’s feelings to someone else.

Example: A person who cheats accuses their partner of cheating.

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Reaction Formation

Acting the opposite of true feelings.

Example: Someone who dislikes their boss overly praises them.

Ego Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization

Justifying actions with excuses.

Example: Failing a test and saying, “The teacher hates me.”

Humanistic Perspective: Unconditional Positive Regard

Accpeting someone no matter what
eg: A parent loves their child even when they misbehave.

Humanistic Perspective: Self-Actualization

Becoming the best version of oneself.

Example: A musician dedicates their life to perfecting their art.

Personality Assessment - Projective tests

Personality tests that reveal unconscious thoughts.
eg: The Rorschach inkblot test.

Psychodynamic View of Personality : Role of the unconcouis

Role of the Unconscious – The unconscious mind influences behavior.

Example: Childhood trauma affects adult relationships.