1.3

Neural Trasmissions

Process by which neurons communicate w/ chemical + electrical signals

Thereshold

Level of stimulation required to trigger an action in a neuron

Action Potential

Electrical impulse that travels along axon of a neuron

All-or-Nothing Principle

Once a neuron reaches threshold, fire action at full strength

Depolarization

Phase of action where inside of neuron becomes less negative compared to the outside due to influx of positively charged ions

Refractory Period

Period after following an action potential during which a neuron is unable to generate another action potential

Resting Potential

Stable, negative electrical charge that exists across cell membrane of a neuron when not actively transmitting signals

Reuptake

Neurotransmitters that have reabsorbed by presynaptic neuron from where they were originally released

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Autoimmune disease that affects the CNS

Excitatory NTs

Chemicals released by neurons that increase likelihood of action potential (postsynaptic neuron)

Glutamate

Primary excitatory NT in CNS that plays significant role in neuronal communication (learning memory, neural plasticity)

Inhibitory NT

Inhibitory neurotransmitters decrease the chance of a neuron firing, essentially calming brain activity

GABA

NT that promotes relaxation + reduces anxiety

Dopamine

NT that regulates mood, reward, motivation, and movement

Serotonin

NT that regulates mood, sleep, appetite, and stress

Endorphins

NT produced by CNS + brain that act as natural pain relievers + mood enhancers

Substance p

NT that transmit pain signals to NS

Acetylcholine

NT that plays fundamental role in Central NS and Peripheral NS

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by glands in endocrine system that travel through bloodstream to target cells/organs, regulate psych processes + behaviors

Ghrelin

Hormone produced in stomach that stimulates appetite/promote hunger

Leptin

Produced by fat cells that regulate energy balance and appetite, suppresses appetite + energy expenditure