A&P II Ch. 23 Terms of the Week

accessory digestive organ 

includes teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, and pancreas

bile

alkaline solution produced by the liver and important for the emulsification of lipids

chief cell 

gastric gland cell that secretes pepsinogen

chyme

soupy liquid created when food is mixed with digestive juices

common bile duct 

structure formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the gallbladder’s cystic duct

deciduous tooth

one of 20 “baby teeth”

deglutition

three-stage process of swallowing

epiploic appendage 

small sac of fat-filled visceral peritoneum attached to teniae coli

gastric phase 

phase of gastric secretion that begins when food enters the stomach

haustral contraction

slow segmentation in the large intestine

hepatic lobule

hexagonal-shaped structure composed of hepatocytes that radiate outward from a central vein

hepatopancreatic ampulla 

(also, ampulla of Vater) bulb-like point in the wall of the duodenum where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct unite

ileocecal sphincter

sphincter located where the small intestine joins with the large intestine

intrinsic factor 

glycoprotein required for vitamin B12 absorption in the small intestine

labial frenulum

midline mucous membrane fold that attaches the inner surface of the lips to the gums

lingual lipase 

digestive enzyme from glands in the tongue that acts on triglycerides

lower esophageal sphincter

smooth muscle sphincter that regulates food movement from the esophagus to the stomach

microvillus

small projection of the plasma membrane of the absorptive cells of the small intestinal mucosa

motilin

hormone that initiates migrating motility complexes

myenteric plexus 

(plexus of Auerbach) major nerve supply to alimentary canal wall; controls motility

pancreatic amylase 

enzyme secreted by the pancreas that completes the chemical digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine

parietal cell 

gastric gland cell that secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

pectinate line

horizontal line that runs like a ring, perpendicular to the inferior margins of the anal sinuses

rectal valve 

one of three transverse folds in the rectum where feces is separated from flatus

sucrase

brush border enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose