chem tests

ISE

test done for Na

inulin

-exogenous

-clearance provides most precise GFR

-freely perm in glom wall

-not reabs, secreted, or metab altered by tubules

glass ion exchange

membrane used in Na ISE

direct 

ISE:

-no dilution

-no effect from lipids or proteins

-whole blood

does not

direct ISE does/does not require dilution

does

indirect ISE does/does not require dilution

indirect

ISE:

-requires dilution

-false decrease from lipids and proteins

-urine

is

potential in ISE is/is not proportional to ion concentration

valinomycin

membrane used for K ISE

glucose

measured with:

-Benedict’s test

-… oxidase/peroxidase

-hexokinase/G6PD

glucose oxidase/peroxidase

glucose test that uses enzymes and peroxide

hexokinase/G6PD

glucose test that uses enzymes and NADPH

Benedict’s

glucose test that uses Cupric ions

urea

measured with:

-BUN x 2.14

-urease/GLDH

urease/GLDH

urea (BUN) test that uses enzymes

creatinine

meas with:

-Jaffe

-creatininase/peroxidase

calcium

meas with:

-cresolpthalein in alkaline solution (red)

-add 8-hydroxyquinidine to prevent Mg interference

albumin

meas with:

-dye binding with bromocresol green or purple

total protein

meas with dye binding (brilliant coomasie blue)

total bilirubin

measured with Jendrassik-Grof

-diazo reagent

-caffeine (accelerator)

-alkaline tartrate

cholesterol

meas with cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase

triglycerides

meas with:

-lipase, glycerolkinase, glycerophosphate oxidase, and peroxidase

Jaffe

measures creatinine with picric acid in alkaline solution

picrate

used in Jaffe reaction to measure creatinine

HDL

meas with cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase, and B100 Ab or dextran sulfate

dextran sulfate, B100 Ab

two things that can be used to isolate HDL for measurement

LDL

calculated with Friedewald formula

direct bilirubin

meas with Jendrassik-Grof with no accelerator

indirect bilirubin

calculated from accelerator - no accelerator Jendrassik-Grof

phosphate

meas with phosphomolybdenum to make molybdenum blue

urobilinogen

meas with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde

HgbA1c

meas with boronic acid/HPLC

ketones

meas with:

-acetoacetate rxn with B-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to form B-hydroxybutyrate

-Na nitroprusside and acetoacetic acid → lavender

PTH

meas with ECLIA pre and post surgery

magnesium

meas with methylthymol blue

-do not use EDTA, citrate, or oxalate

osmolality

meas with:

-colligative properties: fp depression or vp

-equation (calc)

uric acid

meas with:

-Caraway (tungsten blue)

-uricase

ammonia

meas with GLDH

protein

meas with

-refractometry (light bending)

-dye binding (brilliant coomasie blue)

-electrophoresis (by size and charge)

-Kjedahl (nitrogen content)

-Biuret (pep bonds)

Kjedahl

protein measured by nitrogen content

Biuret

protein measured by quant peptide bonds

alcohol, sulfuric acid (yellow, 410)

Porter Silber measurement of cortisol and metabolites

Porter Silber

method for meas cortisol

-alcohol

-sulfuric acid

-yellow at 410 nm

cortisol

meas by Porter Silber method

-yellow at 410

-alcohol

-sulfuric acid

Zimmerman

method for meas steroids

-sodium bismuthate

-m-dinitrobenzene

-red/purple at 520 nm

steroids

meas using Zimmerman method

-sodium bismuthate

-m-dinitrobenzene

-red/purple at 520 nm

sodium bismuthate, m-dinitrobenzene

Zimmerman method reagents to meas steroids

metanephrine, normetanephrine

meas using Pisano method

-ammonium hydroxide

-periodate

-purple at 360 nm

Pisano

meas metanephrine, normetanephrine using elution by ammonium hydroxide and periodate

-purple at 360 nm

ammonium hydroxide, periodate

reagents used in Pisano method to meas normetanephrine and metanephrine

platinum

cathode used to measure pO2

Ag

what electrodes are made of to measure pO2 and pH

amperometry

methodology used to measure pO2

potentiometry

methodology used to measure pH and pCO2

salt bridge (KCl)

used in potentiometry to measure pH

glass

membrane on electrode for pCO2 measurement