Carbohydrates and Lipids Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to carbohydrates and lipids, including their structure, functions, and biochemical reactions.

What level of organization do carbohydrates and lipids operate at according to the IB?

Molecules.

What reaction links monomers to form a polymer in the production of macromolecules?

Condensation reactions.

What type of reaction digests polymers into monomers?

Hydrolysis reactions.

What are the two main types of carbohydrates classified by the number of sugar molecules?

Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides.

What structural feature allows cellulose to function as a structural polysaccharide in plants?

Alternating orientation of beta-glucose monomers forming straight chains.

Which polysaccharide serves as a primary energy storage compound in animals?

Glycogen.

What distinguishes triglycerides from phospholipids?

Triglycerides consist of glycerol and three fatty acids, while phospholipids consist of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

What role do glycoproteins play in cellular functions?

Cell to cell recognition, adhesion, communication, and immune response.

What is the typical ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?

1:2:1.