[HNF 126] M1: Overview of Sports Nutrition

Athlete

any individual who is regularly active, ranging from the fitness enthusiast to the competitive amateur or professional

Exercise physiology

understanding of the physiological, metabolic, and structural adaptations of physical activity

Louise Burke, Sports Nutrition

application of eating strategies to promote good health and adaptation to training, to recover quickly after each exercise training session, and to perform optimally during competition

Physical activity

any bodily movement produced by the skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure

Exercise

planned, structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness

Physical fitness

a set of attributes that people have or achieve that related to the ability to perform physical activity

Sports

athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess; involves physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against other for entertainment ; any form of competitive physical activity or game that aims to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing enjoyment to participants and in some cases entertainment

Weightlifter

Explosive power, Performance takes place in one to few seconds, Muscle mass and size as predictors of performance, Protein intake

Sprinter

Power, Few seconds to 20 seconds, Muscle mass and size but not too much, Increasing phosphocreatine store

Middle distance athlete

High intensity, Optimizing energy stores, Increase buffer capacity, Supplements to tolerate acidification

Endurance athlete

Long-term aerobic system, Can last for hours, Energy supply, Carbohydrate needs

Game player

Multiple sprints with limited recovery, Energy supply and explosive movements

Sports nutrition pyramid

balanced diet, sport specific nutrition, supplements

Balanced diet

Energy intake as cornerstone of one's diet, RED-S Syndrome,Adequate macro and micronutrients to support training, Adequate hydration

Sport-specific nutrition

To optimize performance and recovery, Macronutrient and fluid strategies on top of balanced diet, Timing

Supplements

Supplement the diet, Supplement claims, Supplements with small and meaningful performance benefits, Caffeine, creatine, B-alanine, etc.

Nutrition training

strategy aimed at enhancing specific adaptation that could help athletic performance

Energy balance

sum of energy intake from food is equal to energy expended through exercise, basal metabolism and thermic effect of food

Charmis of Sparta

sprinter who trained on dried figs ; extra sugar in the fruit was found to be useful

Dromeus of Stymphalus

long-distance runner mainly consuming meat ; large quantities of meat was strong for competitors in fighting events wherein body weight is important

Milo of Croton

wrestling at seven successive Olympiads ; said to have consisted of 20 lbs of bread, 20 lbs of meat, and 18 pints of wine

Xenophon

avoided bread, recognized danger of excessive starch

Epictetus

believed that if athletes wish to succeed, they must observe restraint in their eating and avoid rich confectionery (Harris, 1966)

Exercise physiology and nutrition science

Sports nutrition refers to the integration of these two aspects in a meaningful and practical way

Sports nutrition

Understanding how energy is transferred from food into the movements we make is required for useful application of sport nutrtion knowledge (Woodkruff, 2016)