Population Control Terms and Stages

Demography

Statistical study of human populations

Death rate

the measure of deaths in a particular population

Birth Rate

the ratio between the number of live-born births in the year and the average total population of that year

Natural Increase Rate

Natural increase in the difference between the birth rate and death rate

Immigration rate

Number of people coming into an area

Emigration rate

number of people leaving an area

Net migration rate

indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population change

population growth rate

average annual percent change in populations, resulting from a surplus or deficit of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country

Doubling time

the time it takes for a population to double in size and/or value

dependency load

the ratio which is a measure of the number of people who are dependants (0-14, 65+)

Life expectancy

the average number of years a person can expect to live

Birth Dearth

Coined by Ben J. Wattenbery: the declining fertility rates observed in many modern industrialized nations: low fertility rates (falls below replacement levels)

Infant mortality rate

number of infants who die in the first year of life, expressed as a rate per 1000 live births

Total fertility rates

number of children that would be born to each woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years (ex. 2.4 births / woman)

Replacement rate

The number of children that a couple would have to have over the course of their reproductive years in order to replace themselves (perfect replacement # —> 3 children per family)

DTM: High Stationary

Stage 1:

High birth rate, high death rate

Low-Zero natural increase

Country:

• all up to the 1800s

Reasons:

• wars, pandemics, high infant mortality, inadequate sanitary + health care

DTM: Early Expanding (Pre-Transitional)

Stage 2:

High birth rate, decreasing death rate

High natural increase

Country:

• Guatemala, Palestine, Yemen

Reasons:

• Modern medicine introduced (germ theory of disease)

• Improvements in agriculture, sanitation, and education

DTM: Late Expanding (Early Transition)

Stage 3:

Decreasing birth rate, low death rate

high but decreasing natural increase

Country:

• Jamaica, India

Reasons:

• increase in women’s status, education, and birth controls, improved medicines

DTM: Low Stationary (late transition)

Stage 4:

low birth rate, low death rate

low to zero natural increase

Country:

• most developed countries

Reasons:

• stronger economy, healthcare, education, working women, fertility rate = 2 or lower

DTM: Declining (Post-Transition)

Stage 5:

low birth rate, low death rate (but higher than birth rate)

decreasing natural increase

Country:

• Germany

Reasons:

• aging populations, population policies (ex. china’s one-child policy), some growth due to net-migration policies

Does DTM account for migration?

No, it does not account