World History Review Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts in World History, covering trade routes, empires, revolutions, imperialism, and globalization.

What was the significance of the Silk Roads?

Connected China, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean, facilitating the exchange of silk, spices, and ideas.

What goods were traded along the Indian Ocean Trade routes?

Spices, textiles, gold, ivory, and slaves.

What was the importance of the Trans-Saharan Trade?

Connected West Africa to North Africa and the Mediterranean, facilitating the trade of gold, salt, and the spread of Islam.

How did the Ottoman Empire legitimize its rule?

Use of Islamic law (Sharia), patronage of arts and architecture, military prowess (Janissaries).

What administrative systems did the Ottoman Empire employ?

Millet system for religious minorities and a centralized bureaucracy.

How did the Mughal Empire legitimize its rule?

Akbar's policy of religious tolerance, blending of Hindu and Muslim cultures, and monumental architecture like the Taj Mahal.

What administrative systems did the Mughal Empire employ?

Mansabdari system and efficient tax collection.

How did European powers justify colonialism?

Notions of racial superiority and civilizing missions.

What administrative methods were used in Colonial Empires?

Direct and indirect rule, exploitation of local resources and labor.

What were the primary causes of the French Revolution?

Economic hardship, social inequality, Enlightenment ideas.

What were the key events of the French Revolution?

Storming of the Bastille, Reign of Terror, rise of Napoleon.

What were the outcomes of the French Revolution?

End of absolute monarchy, rise of secular state, spread of revolutionary ideals.

What were the causes of the Haitian Revolution?

Brutal slave conditions and influence of the French Revolution.

Who was a key figure in the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint L'Ouverture.

What were the outcomes of the Haitian Revolution?

First successful slave revolt and establishment of Haiti as an independent nation.

What were the primary causes of the Industrial Revolution?

Agricultural improvements and technological innovations (steam engine, spinning jenny).

What were the key changes during the Industrial Revolution?

Urbanization, rise of the factory system, changes in labor and social structures.

What were the outcomes of the Industrial Revolution?

Economic growth, environmental impacts, social reforms.

What were the causes of the Latin American Revolutions?

Influence of Enlightenment, Napoleonic Wars, creole discontent.

Who were key figures in the Latin American Revolutions?

Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.

What were the outcomes of the Latin American Revolutions?

Independence of various Latin American countries and end of colonial rule.

What motivated Imperialism in the 19th-20th centuries?

Economic exploitation, national prestige, and cultural superiority.

What methods were used during the age of Imperialism?

Military conquest, economic control, and cultural assimilation.

Give examples of resistance movements in Africa.

Zulu resistance, Ethiopian victory at the Battle of Adwa.

Give examples of resistance movements in Asia.

Sepoy Mutiny in India and Boxer Rebellion in China.

Give examples of resistance movements in the Americas.

Native American resistance and Latin American independence movements.

When and why was the United Nations (UN) formed?

Established in 1945 to promote peace and cooperation.

What are the functions of the United Nations?

Peacekeeping, humanitarian aid, international law.

What is the purpose of the World Bank?

Provide financial and technical assistance to developing countries.

What is the impact of the World Bank?

Infrastructure development and poverty reduction efforts.

What are some examples of technological diffusion in communication?

Internet and mobile technology.

What are some examples of technological diffusion in transportation?

Air travel and container shipping.

What is the cultural impact of globalization?

Global spread of popular culture and increased interconnectedness.