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Kaiser Wilhelm II
Hohenzollern leader of Germany during World War I.
Triple Alliance
An agreement among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy during World War I.
Triple Entente
The alliance formed by France, Russia, and Britain during World War I.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary; His assassination in 1914 triggered the outbreak of World War I.
The Black Hand
A militant nationalist group responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The Von Schlieffen Plan
Germany's military strategy to quickly defeat France before turning to fight Russia.
Trench Warfare
A type of combat where opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other, characteristic of World War I.
Battle of Tannenberg
A significant battle in 1914 where German forces defeated a much larger Russian army.
Battle of Verdun
A major battle in 1916 characterized by extreme bloodshed and no significant territorial changes.
Gallipoli Campaign
An unsuccessful attempt by the Allies, mostly British soldiers from Australia, to secure a sea route to Russia by attacking Ottoman Empire.
Zimmerman Note
A secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the USA.
Lusitania
A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, contributing to American outrage against Germany.
Treaty of Versailles
The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations and restrictions on Germany.
War-Guilt Clause
A provision in the Treaty of Versailles requiring Germany to accept responsibility for the war.
League of Nations
An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation.
Bolshevik Revolution
The 1917 revolution in Russia that led to the establishment of a communist government.
Poison Gas
A chemical weapon used in World War I that caused severe injuries and death among soldiers.
No Man's Land
The dangerous area between opposing trenches during World War I, often filled with obstacles and dead bodies.
French-Belgian border
The location where Germany aimed to strike quickly to defeat France in the Von Schlieffen Plan.
Division and Conquer
Germany's strategy to exploit gaps between Allied forces for a potential victory.
Serbia
A Balkan nation that played a significant role in the events leading up to World War I, particularly through the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Lawrence of Arabia
A British military officer known for his role in the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
Battle of Jutland
The largest naval battle of World War I fought between the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy in 1916.
Bleed France Dry
A German military strategy aimed at exhausting French resources and manpower during World War I.
Battle of the Somme
A major battle in 1916 characterized by high casualties and significant use of artillery, aimed at relieving pressure on French forces.
Vladimir Lenin
A Russian revolutionary leader and the head of the Bolshevik Party, instrumental in the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution.
Belleau Wood
A significant battle during World War I where American forces helped to stop the German advance in 1918.
Armistice Day
November 11, 1918, the day when the armistice was signed, effectively ending the fighting in World War I.
Wilson's 14 Points
A statement of principles for peace negotiations to end World War I proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.
