AP HUGO Unit 1

Human Geography

The study of people AND places.

Reference Maps

Maps used to show landforms and/or places.

Cartogram

A thematic map that shows statistical data by transforming space.

Choropleth Map

A thematic map that uses shading or coloring to show statistical data.

Dot Density Map

A thematic map that uses dots to indicate a feature or occurrence.

Graduated Symbols Map

A thematic map that indicates the relative magnitude of some value for a geographic region.

Absolute Distance

Measurement using a standard unit of length.

Relative Distance

Measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity between places.

Absolute Direction

Finding a location using compass direction.

Relative Direction

Finding a location not using compass direction.

Clustering

Objects that form a group.

Dispersal

Objects that are scattered.

Elevation

Height above sea level.

Spatial Scale

Hierarchy of spaces.

Map Distortion

All maps are distorted as a result of projecting a 3-dimensional surface onto a 2-dimensional surface.

Geographic Data

Information that identifies the geographic location of features and boundaries on earth.

Geospatial Technologies

Technology that provides geographic data used for personal, business, and governmental purposes.

GIS (Geographic Information System)

A map created by a computer that combines layers of spatial data for analysis.

Satellite Navigation Systems

A system of satellites that provide geo-spatial positioning.

Remote Sensing

Collecting data with instruments distant from the area of study.

Online Mapping and Visualization

Compilation and publication of websites providing map-based information.

Census Data

Systematically acquiring and recording information about a population.

Satellite Imagery

Images of Earth collected by satellites.

Absolute Location

Describes the precise location of a place using latitude and longitude.

Relative Location

Describes the location of a place relative to other features.

Space (Geography)

A relational concept that acquires meaning when related to other concepts.

Place

Describes an area on Earth with distinguishing characteristics.

Pattern

An arrangement of objects on Earth.

Human-Environment Interaction

Describes how humans modify or adapt to the natural world.

Distance Decay

The idea that the likelihood of interaction diminishes with increasing distance.

Time-Space Compression

Refers to the increasing sense of connectivity bringing people closer together.

Movement (Geography)

Describes the ways in which people, goods, and ideas move.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries.

Network

A system of interconnected people or things.

Sustainability

Meeting resource demands in a way that protects future generations' needs.

Natural Resources

Necessary or useful elements found in nature.

Land Use

The function of land.

Environmental Determinism

Theory that society is formed and determined by the physical environment.

Possibilism

Theory that the environment sets constraints but people decide how to respond.

Spatial Scale (Analysis)

Analyzing data at different scales to reveal variations and interpretations.

Regions

Areas on Earth marked by similarity in some way.

Regionalism

A group's perceived identification with a particular region.

Formal Region

Region marked by a shared trait.

Functional Region

Region marked by a particular set of activities.

Perceptual/Vernacular Region

Region that exists as an idea.

Regional Boundaries

Transitional and often contested boundaries.

Regional Analysis

Analyzing regions at a variety of scales.