DT AQA GCSE

industry

the way we manufacture

factories

making materials into products, usually consisting of assembly lines and are split into sections known as shops

what do factories need?

access for transport

automation

repetitive tasks on an assembly line carried out by machines or robots

what benefits are there of automation/robots

they produce high quality produce
low costs because they can be made quickly
no space for human error

what are the disadvantages of using automation/robots

expensive to set up and repair

robots

machines which can carry out many different tasks provided with different tools

enterprise

a skill where organisations are prepared to show initiative and take risks to make things happen

innovation

bringing new ideas to the market
developing things in a completely new or improved way

crowdfunding

raising money for a project by obtaining many small amounts of money from many people
people may donate because they like the idea or think they may get use out of the product

virtual marketing and retailing

using websites and social media to raise brand awareness

a cooperative

a business owned and self managed by its workers
all shares are held by the workforce

fairtrade

A movement which aims to give all people a fair price for the goods they produce and safe working conditions and promotes sustainability

social footprint

the effect a company has on people and communities

sustainability

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

resource recovery

a process that recovers certain disposed materials for specific use
reduces the need and use of newly created materials

technology push

where new technology is developed and designers take this as an opportunity to design new products

market pull

where users want a product to be improved to redeveloped to meet their needs

changing job roles

as tech develops the jobs either no longer exist or are changed
new tech can perform the tasks

culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
designers need to take into account not to offend a culture

fashions and trends

keeping up with the latest technology
often affected by celebrities as part of a culture changing their fashion or tech

designing for society

designers need to meet the needs of everyone in society

designing and its effect on the environment

designers need to understand the effect that their product will have on the environment

CAD

Computer Aided Design
drawing, designing and modelling on screen if connected to a compatible machine

CAM

Computer Aided Manufacturing
it allows CAD designs to be made by machine
things can be designed at one factory and made somewhere really far away

FMS

flexible manufacturing system
a system where production is organised into cells of machines performing different tasks

CNC

Computer Numerical Control
machine tools which are controlled by a computer

JIT manufacturing

Just-in-time manufacturing
a method where the materials are ordered to arrive at the assembly line when they are needed

lean manufacturing

focusing on giving customers value for money by reducing waste

planned obsolescence

designing a product to have a limited life span so they will become obsolete after a certain period of time

Design for maintenance

designing a product so that it needs functions performing on it to keep it working

ethics during design

cutting costs during design by reducing jobs or making the product in a country where labour costs are lower

End of life disposal

materials are better recyclable

coal power

Energy produced by burning coal
causes atmospheric pollution

natural gas power

used for heating and cooking

oil power

does need to be precessed by refining from crude oil
powers ships and large vehicles

nuclear power

energy from splitting Uranium atoms (fission)
very hazardous

wind energy

Energy generated from the kinetic energy of moving air

solar energy

energy from the sun

tidal power

Electricity generated by the movement of sea water caused by the tides

hydroelectricity

electricity generated by the kinetic energy of moving water

biomass energy

renewable energy derived from burning organic materials such as wood and alcohol

kinetic pumped storage system

similar to hydroelectric power
two levels of water which the water can be transferred through a turbine creating electricity

mechanical energy storage

flywheel a spinning mass that continues to spin when the driving force stops
when spinning it stores rotational energy

capacitors

store electrical energy between two parallel plates

batteries

stores electrical energy
alkaline batteries
single use and secondary

graphene

thin 2D material layer of carbon
strong lightweight

uses of graphene

solar cells

metal foam

A metal containing gas-filled pores, giving it a very low density

uses of metal foam

soundproofing crash protection in vehicles

titanium

high corrosion resistance, high strength to density ratio

Uses of titanium

fighter aircraft, artificial hip joints

coated metals

anodised aluminium, nickel-plates steels and polymer-coated aluminium

uses for coated metals

to make the metal have different properties
make it stronger
protect it from corrosion

liquid crystal display (LCD)

A flat-panel monitor that creates an image when liquid crystals become electronically charged.

uses for LCD

flat screen tv

nanomaterials

have tiny parts
added to make materials stronger

uses of nanomaterials

tennis rackets, golf shoes

teflon

PTFE a plastic

uses of teflon

non stick pans

Corn starch polymers

developed to replace oil based thermoplastics
have a short life span
biodegradable

uses of corn starch polymers

disposable cutlery

Thermochromic pigments

Smart material that will help to indicate the temperature of something without electricity and this will stop people over heating things as they can clearly see the temperature

Uses of thermochromic pigments

test strips on batteries, baby spoons

Shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys are metals that when deformed, can spring back into its original shape once released

Uses of shape memory alloys

something that can be broken or bent
glasses frames
a response to a change in temp is needed (fire alarm)

photochromic pigments

material that changes colour if the level of light changes

uses of photochromic pigments

lenses in sunglasses
photochromic windows

composites

a material made from two or more different materials to combine their properties
reinforced plastic
carbon fibre

uses of composites

boat exteriors, reinforced concrete bridge, hockey stick

conductive fabrics

fabrics that have conductive fibres woven into them

uses for conductive fabrics

fencing jackets to help with the scoring system

uses for fire resistant fabrics

fire fighters suits, children nightwear (has to by law)

kevlar

A strong synthetic material used in the construction of protective clothing and equipment

uses for kevlar

bulletproof vest

Gore-Tex

a waterproof fabric that is able to breath by letting water vapor pass through it and is also waterproof. The fabric has a coating of Teflon

uses of gore-tex

waterproof jackets and walking boots

microfibres

a very thin synthetic fibre

uses for microfibres

sports wear, can be breathable

micro encapsulation

Substances that are fixed to the fabric or the fibre and can then be activated, such as perfumes

LDR

more light = less resistance

thermistor

A resistor that changes its resistance with a change of temperature.

First order lever

fulcrum in the middle

second order lever

fulcrum on the far right or far left load and effort going down

third order lever

fulcrum far right or far left load going up effort going down

velocity ratio

number of teeth of the driven gear/number of teeth on the driver gear

ash

tough flexible

what is ash used for

sports equipment

beech

strong

what is beech used for

furniture children toys

mahogany

strong durable

what is mahogany used for

furniture and veneers

oak

hard durable

what is oak used for

buildings and flooring

balsa

lightweight

what is balsa used for

model making

larch

tough easy to work

what is larch used for

fencing decking

pine

soft knotty

what is pine used for

furniture