AP world unit 3 vocab

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Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

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41 Terms

1

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

The first Tsar of Russia (1533–1584), expanded Russian territory, known for violent purges.

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2

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty (1368–1644) known for cultural restoration and maritime exploration.

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3

Manchu

Tungusic people from Northeast Asia who founded the Qing Dynasty after conquering the Ming.

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4

Qing Dynasty

China's final imperial dynasty (1644–1912), established by the Manchus.

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5

Emperor Kangxi

One of the longest-reigning emperors of the Qing Dynasty known for stability.

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6

Emperor Qianlong

Qing emperor (1735–1796) presided over a prosperous, multicultural empire.

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7

Osman I

Founder of the Ottoman Empire (1299).

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8

Mehmed II (The Conqueror)

Ottoman Sultan known for capturing Constantinople in 1453.

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9

Constantinople

Capital of the Byzantine Empire, conquered by Mehmed II in 1453, renaming it Istanbul.

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10

Suleiman I (The Magnificent)

Ottoman Sultan (1520–1566) who presided over the empire's peak in power and culture.

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11

Shah Ismail

Founder of the Safavid Empire, established Shi’a Islam as the state religion.

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12

Shah Abbas I

Safavid ruler (1588–1629) who centralized power and promoted Persian culture.

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13

Babur

Founder of the Mughal Empire (1526) who established Mughal rule in India.

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14

Akbar

Mughal emperor known for religious tolerance and administrative reforms.

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15

Gunpowder Empires

Empires characterized by their use of gunpowder weaponry: Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals.

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16

Divine Right

Belief that monarchs derive authority from God.

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17

Absolutism

Political system where monarchs hold centralized and unchecked power.

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18

Louis XIV

French King known as the 'Sun King', epitomizing absolutism.

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19

English Bill of Rights (1689)

Document establishing constitutional monarchy in England.

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20

Peter I (Peter the Great)

Russian Tsar who modernized Russia and expanded its influence.

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21

Devshirme System

Ottoman practice of recruiting Christian boys for state service.

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22

Janissaries

Elite Ottoman soldiers drawn from the devshirme system.

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23

Daimyo

Powerful Japanese feudal lords during the Shogunate period.

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24

Tokugawa Shogunate

Japanese ruling dynasty that unified the country (1603–1868).

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25

Intendants

Royal officials in France under Louis XIV.

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26

Tax Farming

System where individuals collected taxes for government profit.

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27

Martin Luther

German theologian who initiated the Protestant Reformation.

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28

95 Theses

Document by Martin Luther criticizing Church practices.

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29

John Calvin

Protestant reformer who developed Calvinism.

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30

Huguenots

French Calvinist Protestants who faced persecution.

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31

King Henry VIII

English King who established the Anglican Church.

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32

Anglican Church

Church of England established by Henry VIII.

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33

Protestant Reformation

Movement against Catholic Church corruption in the 16th century.

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34

Gutenberg’s Printing Press

Invention that revolutionized mass communication.

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35

Counter-Reformation

Catholic Church's response to the Reformation.

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36

Spanish Armada

Spain’s failed naval invasion of England in 1588.

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37

Edict of Nantes (1598)

Granted religious tolerance to Huguenots in France.

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38

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Treaties ending the Thirty Years’ War.

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39

Millet System

Ottoman system allowing religious communities autonomy.

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40

Sikhism

Monotheistic religion founded in 15th-century Punjab by Guru Nanak.

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41

Sunni/Shi’a Islam

Two main branches of Islam divided over leadership succession.

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