Meiosis vs Mitosis phases

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/12

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

13 Terms

1
New cards

Mitosis vs Meiosis

  • Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis leads to four genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number.

  • Mitosis is essential for growth and tissue repair, whereas meiosis is crucial for sexual reproduction.

<ul><li><p>Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis leads to four genetically diverse gametes with half the chromosome number.</p></li><li><p>Mitosis is essential for growth and tissue repair, whereas meiosis is crucial for sexual reproduction. </p></li></ul><p></p>
2
New cards

Mitosis; Prophase

initial stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

3
New cards

Mitosis; Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle in a single file line.

<p>Chromosomes line up in the middle in a single file line.</p>
4
New cards

Mitosis; Anaphase

Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

<p>Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.</p>
5
New cards

Mitosis; Telophase + Cytokinesis

Two identical copies of DNA are separated into two distinct daughter cells.

<p>Two identical copies of DNA are separated into two distinct daughter cells. </p>
6
New cards

Meiosis; Prophase 1

  • Mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense, and nuclear envelope disappears.

  • Crossing over occurs at chiasmata, parts of one chromosomes exchange between homologous chromosomes.

    • Chiasmata is the location where non sister chromatids intersect.

  • Microtubules (centrosome) attach to kinetochores at the centromere.

<ul><li><p>Mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense, and nuclear envelope disappears.</p></li><li><p>Crossing over occurs at chiasmata, parts of one chromosomes exchange between homologous chromosomes.</p><ul><li><p><span style="color: red"><strong>Chiasmata</strong></span> is the location where non sister chromatids intersect.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Microtubules (centrosome) attach to kinetochores at the centromere.</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
New cards

Meiosis; Metaphase 1

Chromosomes line up in the middle, on the metaphase plate but are still together in an X so it’s not a single file line.

  • Chromatids of one homologous pair is attached to microtubules on one pole, chromatids of other homolog is attached to microtubules at opposite pole.

<p>Chromosomes line up in the middle, on the metaphase plate but are still together in an X so it’s not a single file line.</p><ul><li><p>Chromatids of one homologous pair is attached to microtubules on one pole, chromatids of other homolog is attached to microtubules at opposite pole.</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
New cards

Meiosis; Anaphase 1

Instead of sister chromatids being pulled apart, proteins that hold homologous chromosomes together are degraded and homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.

<p>Instead of sister chromatids being pulled apart, proteins that hold homologous chromosomes together are degraded and homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles.</p>
9
New cards

Meiosis; Telophase 1 + Cytokinesis 1

  • Telophase 1= The final phase of meiosis where the chromosomes arrive at the poles, the nucleus divides, spindles disappear, and the nuclear envelope reforms.

  • Cytokinesis 1: Cytoplasm divides, dividing the cell into two haploid daughter cells.

<ul><li><p><strong>Telophase 1</strong>= The final phase of meiosis where the chromosomes arrive at the poles, the nucleus divides, spindles disappear, and the nuclear envelope reforms.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Cytokinesis 1: </strong>Cytoplasm divides, dividing the cell into two haploid daughter cells.</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
New cards

Meiosis; Prophase 2

  • Mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense into two cells, and nuclear envelope disappears.

  • Microtubules (centrosome) attach to kinetochores at the centromere

  • No crossing over occurs at this point.

<ul><li><p>Mitotic spindle forms, chromosomes condense into two cells, and nuclear envelope disappears.</p></li><li><p>Microtubules (centrosome) attach to kinetochores at the centromere</p></li><li><p>No crossing over occurs at this point.</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
New cards

Meiosis; Metaphase 2

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate.

  • Remember due to crossing over sister chromatids are not identical.

<p>Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate.</p><ul><li><p>Remember due to crossing over sister chromatids are not identical.</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

Meiosis; Anaphase 2

  • Breakdown of proteins that hold sister chromatids together.

  • Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles.

<ul><li><p>Breakdown of proteins that hold sister chromatids together.</p></li><li><p>Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles.</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
New cards

Meiosis; Telophase 2 + Cytokinesis 2

Telophase: Nuclear envelope reappears, chromosomes become less condense and microtubules disassemble.

Cytokinesis: Chromosomes are on complete opposite ends and nucleus is formed. 4 chromosomes are now created.

<p><strong>Telophase</strong>: Nuclear envelope reappears, chromosomes become less condense and microtubules disassemble.</p><p><strong>Cytokinesis</strong>: Chromosomes are on complete opposite ends and nucleus is formed. 4 chromosomes are now created.</p>