Subjunctive Mood + Present Subjunctive

Subjunctive mood is used to:

Express subjectivity, uncertainty, recommendations, hypothetical situations, and non-factual situation

Infinitives:

• In the subjunctive, must be used after que to express wanting someone to do something (different subjects)

• Used after a verb if the subjects are the same

Used for wishes, desires, and preferences:

Verbs like querer (to want), esperer (to hope), desear (to wish)

I hope that you come to my party (a doubt that the person will come)

Espero que vengas a la fiesta.

Expressing emotions and feelings:

When expressing emotions like joy, sadness, fear, or surprise, the subjunctive is used with the dependent clause after "que"

It's sad that we miss the bus everyday (subjective from person to person)

Es triste que perdamos el autobús todos los días.

Expressing doubt, uncertainty, and negation from facts:

The subjunctive is used when expressing doubt, disbelief, or uncertainty, often with verbs like "dudar" (to doubt), "negar" (to deny), or "no creer" (to not believe).

I doubt that it's true.

Yo dudo que sea verdad.

Expressing hypothetical situations and conditions:

The subjunctive is used in conditional clauses that express hypothetical situations or possibilities, especially when the condition is unlikely or contrary to fact.

Conditional clauses with the subjunctive:

The if clause uses the subjunctive, while the would clause uses the conditional.

If i was rich, I would travel the world. (the first clause is contrary to reality, while the second express a situation that would happen if things were met)

Si yo fuera rico, viajaría por el mundo.

Expressing recommendations, commands, or suggestions:

The subjunctive is used when making recommendations, giving commands, or offering suggestions, often with verbs like "recomendar" (to recommend), "pedir" (to ask), or "sugerir" (to suggest).

I recommend that you study for the exam.

Te recomiendo que estudies para el examen.

Used with impersonal statements:

The subjunctive can be used with statements like "es importante que" because it expresses an opinion.

It's important that you finish your work (subjective opinion).

Es importante que termines tu trabajo

Acronym for subjunctive, WEIRDO

Wishes, emotions, impersonal expressions, recommendations, doubt/denial, and ojalá (hopefully)

Forming the present subjunctive:

Start with the 'yo' form of the verb in the present tense, then drop the o and add the opposite ending.

AR verb endings:

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -eis, -en

IR and ER verb endings

-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

I want you to talk now.

Quiero que hables ahora.