Week 9_Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

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52 Terms

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Alkynes

Alkane

Alkene

Arrange top to bottom in their boiling point

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Petroleum – AKA Crude Oil

formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms (plants, algae, and bacteria)

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Crude Oil

Petroleum AKA

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petroleum and natural gas.

The two most important natural sources of alkanes are ——

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Butane

much safer than propane

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Alkane

insoluble in water

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Gas

C1 - C4

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Liquid

C5 - C17

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Solid wax

≥ C18

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plant waxes

prevent water loss from the leaves or fruit

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inert.

All of the bonds in alkanes are single, covalent, andnonpolar.

  • Hence alkanes are relatively ——-

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Alkane

can be used as solvents for extraction or crystallization as well as for carrying out chemical reactions of other substances.

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Alkane

do react with some reagents, such as molecular oxygen and the halogens.

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Paraffins

Alkane AKA

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lacking affinity

Paraffins means

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  1. Oxygen

  2. Heat

  3. Fuel

In order to make fire to take place there are 3 main ingredients:

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fuel

The most important use of alkanes is as ——

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partial oxidation

IN ALKANE: If insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, _______ may occur.

  • syngas-synthesis gas

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Chlorination

of hydrocarbons is a substitution reaction in which a chlorine atomis substituted for a hydrogen atom.

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ethene or ethylene,

The simples alkene?,

  • is a plant hormone

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Ethene

hormone that causes tomatoes to RIPEN

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ethylene glycol

anti-freeze; production of DacronOR

  • COOLANT

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vinyl chloride

manufacture of poly —PVC

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CUMENE

common name of ISOPROPYLBENZENE

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Alkene

less dense than water and being nonpolar, are not very soluble in water.

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Substitution

most common reaction in ALKANE

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Addition

most common reaction in ALKENE

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alcohols.

If an acid catalyst (e.g., H2SO4 or HCl) is present,water adds to alkenes. It adds as H-OH, and the products are ———

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no reaction takes place

When water is added to an alkene =

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acid catalyst

Alcohols react with alkenes in the same way that water does. Like the addition of water, the addition of alcohol requires an ____

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Catalytic hydrogenation

of double bonds is used commercially to convert vegetable oils to margarine and other cooking fats.

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SINGLE BONDEDCOM P

ADDITION OF HALOGEN:

ALKENE + HALOGEN =

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ALCOHOL

HYDRATION:

ALKENE + H20 W/ ACID CATALYST =

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ETHER (ROR)

ADDITION OF ALC:

ALKENE + ALCOHOL =

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SINGLE BONDS

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION:

ALKENE + HYDROGEN W/ CATALYST =

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Acetylene

the common name for the smallest alkyne

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capillin

which has fungicidal activity; fungistatic drugs as those that inhibit growth, whereas fungicidal drugs kill fungal pathogens.

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ichthyothereol

a convulsant used by the Amazon Indians for poisoned arrowheads.

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enediynes

has been found to have powerful antibiotic and anticancer properties.

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Parsalmide

– benzamide derivative, anti-inflammatory with analgesic effect

  • also possess anxiolytic (reduce anxiety) and tranquilizing properties

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Parsal

Sinovial

Parsalmide DRUGS

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Pargyline

MAO-B inhibitor with anti-HTN

  • an HYPERTENSIVE

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Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B)

is an enzyme in the body that breaks down several chemicals in the brain, including dopamine. An MAO-B inhibitor makes more dopamine “FEEL GOOD NT” available to the brain.

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Eudatin

Supirdyl

Pargyline DRUGS

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Mestranol

-is a terminal acetylenic compound

  • a component of ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

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Norquen

Ovastol

Menstranol DRUGS

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ALKYNE

All are insoluble in water and all are soluble in solvents with low polarity such as benzene and ether.

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ALKYNE

They are less dense than water

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ALKYNE

has a higher boiling point than an alkene containing the same number of carbon atoms

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electrophilic addition

Alkynes, like alkenes, undergo WHAT reactions

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“twin.”

“Geminal” comes from geminus, which is Latin for ___

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geminal dihalide

Alkynes : Addition of Hydrogen Halides and Addition of Halogens

The product of the second addition reaction is a _____, a molecule with two halogens on the same carbon.