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Alkynes
Alkane
Alkene
Arrange top to bottom in their boiling point
Petroleum – AKA Crude Oil
formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms (plants, algae, and bacteria)
Crude Oil
Petroleum AKA
petroleum and natural gas.
The two most important natural sources of alkanes are ——
Butane
much safer than propane
Alkane
insoluble in water
Gas
C1 - C4
Liquid
C5 - C17
Solid wax
≥ C18
plant waxes
prevent water loss from the leaves or fruit
inert.
All of the bonds in alkanes are single, covalent, andnonpolar.
Hence alkanes are relatively ——-
Alkane
can be used as solvents for extraction or crystallization as well as for carrying out chemical reactions of other substances.
Alkane
do react with some reagents, such as molecular oxygen and the halogens.
Paraffins
Alkane AKA
lacking affinity
Paraffins means
Oxygen
Heat
Fuel
In order to make fire to take place there are 3 main ingredients:
fuel
The most important use of alkanes is as ——
partial oxidation
IN ALKANE: If insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, _______ may occur.
syngas-synthesis gas
Chlorination
of hydrocarbons is a substitution reaction in which a chlorine atomis substituted for a hydrogen atom.
ethene or ethylene,
The simples alkene?,
is a plant hormone
Ethene
hormone that causes tomatoes to RIPEN
ethylene glycol
anti-freeze; production of DacronOR
COOLANT
vinyl chloride
manufacture of poly —PVC
CUMENE
common name of ISOPROPYLBENZENE
Alkene
less dense than water and being nonpolar, are not very soluble in water.
Substitution
most common reaction in ALKANE
Addition
most common reaction in ALKENE
alcohols.
If an acid catalyst (e.g., H2SO4 or HCl) is present,water adds to alkenes. It adds as H-OH, and the products are ———
no reaction takes place
When water is added to an alkene =
acid catalyst
Alcohols react with alkenes in the same way that water does. Like the addition of water, the addition of alcohol requires an ____
Catalytic hydrogenation
of double bonds is used commercially to convert vegetable oils to margarine and other cooking fats.
SINGLE BONDEDCOM P
ADDITION OF HALOGEN:
ALKENE + HALOGEN =
ALCOHOL
HYDRATION:
ALKENE + H20 W/ ACID CATALYST =
ETHER (ROR)
ADDITION OF ALC:
ALKENE + ALCOHOL =
SINGLE BONDS
CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION:
ALKENE + HYDROGEN W/ CATALYST =
Acetylene
the common name for the smallest alkyne
capillin
which has fungicidal activity; fungistatic drugs as those that inhibit growth, whereas fungicidal drugs kill fungal pathogens.
ichthyothereol
a convulsant used by the Amazon Indians for poisoned arrowheads.
enediynes
has been found to have powerful antibiotic and anticancer properties.
Parsalmide
– benzamide derivative, anti-inflammatory with analgesic effect
also possess anxiolytic (reduce anxiety) and tranquilizing properties
Parsal
Sinovial
Parsalmide DRUGS
Pargyline
MAO-B inhibitor with anti-HTN
an HYPERTENSIVE
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B)
is an enzyme in the body that breaks down several chemicals in the brain, including dopamine. An MAO-B inhibitor makes more dopamine “FEEL GOOD NT” available to the brain.
Eudatin
Supirdyl
Pargyline DRUGS
Mestranol
-is a terminal acetylenic compound
a component of ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
Norquen
Ovastol
Menstranol DRUGS
ALKYNE
All are insoluble in water and all are soluble in solvents with low polarity such as benzene and ether.
ALKYNE
They are less dense than water
ALKYNE
has a higher boiling point than an alkene containing the same number of carbon atoms
electrophilic addition
Alkynes, like alkenes, undergo WHAT reactions
“twin.”
“Geminal” comes from geminus, which is Latin for ___
geminal dihalide
Alkynes : Addition of Hydrogen Halides and Addition of Halogens
The product of the second addition reaction is a _____, a molecule with two halogens on the same carbon.