Week 9_Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Alkynes

Alkane

Alkene

Arrange top to bottom in their boiling point

Petroleum – AKA Crude Oil

formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms (plants, algae, and bacteria)

Crude Oil

Petroleum AKA

petroleum and natural gas.

The two most important natural sources of alkanes are ——

Butane

much safer than propane

Alkane

insoluble in water

Gas

C1 - C4

Liquid

C5 - C17

Solid wax

≥ C18

plant waxes

prevent water loss from the leaves or fruit

inert.

All of the bonds in alkanes are single, covalent, andnonpolar.

• Hence alkanes are relatively ——-

Alkane

can be used as solvents for extraction or crystallization as well as for carrying out chemical reactions of other substances.

Alkane

do react with some reagents, such as molecular oxygen and the halogens.

Paraffins

Alkane AKA

lacking affinity

Paraffins means

1. Oxygen

2. Heat

3. Fuel

In order to make fire to take place there are 3 main ingredients:

fuel

The most important use of alkanes is as ——

partial oxidation

IN ALKANE: If insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, _______ may occur.

• syngas-synthesis gas

Chlorination

of hydrocarbons is a substitution reaction in which a chlorine atomis substituted for a hydrogen atom.

ethene or ethylene,

The simples alkene?,

• is a plant hormone

Ethene

hormone that causes tomatoes to RIPEN

ethylene glycol

anti-freeze; production of DacronOR

• COOLANT

vinyl chloride

manufacture of poly —PVC

CUMENE

common name of ISOPROPYLBENZENE

Alkene

less dense than water and being nonpolar, are not very soluble in water.

Substitution

most common reaction in ALKANE

Addition

most common reaction in ALKENE

alcohols.

If an acid catalyst (e.g., H2SO4 or HCl) is present,water adds to alkenes. It adds as H-OH, and the products are ———

no reaction takes place

When water is added to an alkene =

acid catalyst

Alcohols react with alkenes in the same way that water does. Like the addition of water, the addition of alcohol requires an ____

Catalytic hydrogenation

of double bonds is used commercially to convert vegetable oils to margarine and other cooking fats.

SINGLE BONDEDCOM P

ADDITION OF HALOGEN:

ALKENE + HALOGEN =

ALCOHOL

HYDRATION:

ALKENE + H20 W/ ACID CATALYST =

ETHER (ROR)

ADDITION OF ALC:

ALKENE + ALCOHOL =

SINGLE BONDS

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION:

ALKENE + HYDROGEN W/ CATALYST =

Acetylene

the common name for the smallest alkyne

capillin

which has fungicidal activity; fungistatic drugs as those that inhibit growth, whereas fungicidal drugs kill fungal pathogens.

ichthyothereol

a convulsant used by the Amazon Indians for poisoned arrowheads.

enediynes

has been found to have powerful antibiotic and anticancer properties.

Parsalmide

– benzamide derivative, anti-inflammatory with analgesic effect

• also possess anxiolytic (reduce anxiety) and tranquilizing properties

Parsal

Sinovial

Parsalmide DRUGS

Pargyline

MAO-B inhibitor with anti-HTN

• an HYPERTENSIVE

Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B)

is an enzyme in the body that breaks down several chemicals in the brain, including dopamine. An MAO-B inhibitor makes more dopamine “FEEL GOOD NT” available to the brain.

Eudatin

Supirdyl

Pargyline DRUGS

Mestranol

-is a terminal acetylenic compound

• a component of ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES

Norquen

Ovastol

Menstranol DRUGS

ALKYNE

All are insoluble in water and all are soluble in solvents with low polarity such as benzene and ether.

ALKYNE

They are less dense than water

ALKYNE

has a higher boiling point than an alkene containing the same number of carbon atoms

electrophilic addition

Alkynes, like alkenes, undergo WHAT reactions

“twin.”

“Geminal” comes from geminus, which is Latin for ___

geminal dihalide

Alkynes : Addition of Hydrogen Halides and Addition of Halogens

The product of the second addition reaction is a _____, a molecule with two halogens on the same carbon.