psych exam 1

behaviorism focusing on making psychology an objective science

by studying overt behavior and deemphisizing the importance of mental processing

looking at the area of multicultural psychology what is a recognized deficit of this perticular study

describe what happens between cultures but not why differnces occur

first african american to get PHD

Francis Cecil Sumner

empirical method

observation of a phenomenon, including experimentation,

Wilhelm Wundt

first person to be referred to as a psychologist. wrote Principles of Physiological Psychology , psychology as a scientific study of conscious experience, believed that the goal of psychology was to identify components of consciousness and how those components combined to result in our conscious experience. Wundt used introspection

introspection

ones own consciousness

gesalt psychology

Gestalt (Whole) psychology is a school of thought that emphasizes studying the human mind and behavior as an integrated whole, rather than a collection of separate parts

humanism

a perspective that focuses on the whole person, free will, and an innate drive for personal growth and self-actualization,emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

structuralism

which breaks down conscious mental processes into their most basic elements—like sensations, images, and feelings

Abraham Maslow

proposed hierachy of human needs, People must satisfy lower-level basic needs before they can address higher-level psychological growth Humanism

why did gesalt not become that popular in the US

the rise of behavioralism overshadowed

operational definition

description of every variable and part in an expeiremnt

conformation bias

a mental habit where people look for and notice information that matches what they already believe while ignoring facts that prove them wrong

observer bias

he tendency for a researcher's expectations, opinions, or prejudices to influence what they perceive, interpret, or record during a study

reviews research that involves human reasources

Institution Review Board

This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892.

The american Psychological association

The Study: A researcher wants to know if a full night of rest improves cognitive recall compared to staying awake all night. Whats the independent and dependent variable?

• Independent Variable (The Cause): Sleep level. The researcher divides participants into two groups: one group sleeps for 8 hours, and the other group is sleep-deprived for 24 hours. [1]

• Dependent Variable (The Effect): Memory test score. The researcher gives both groups a word-recall test and measures how many words each participant remembers. [1]

first women to earn PHD

Margret Floy Washburn

correlation coefficient

a statistical number that measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables

autonomic nervous system

the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary, automatic body functions like heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

parasympathetic nerve system

a part of the nervous system that calms your body and helps it rest and digest

stomatic nervous system

relating to or involving the physical body, particularly how physical sensations connect to mental or emotional states, such as headaches, muscle tension, or stomach aches—that are triggered or amplified by mental distress, stress, or psychological trauma

sympathetic nervous system

a branch of the autonomic nervous system that triggers the body's rapid "fight-or-flight" response during stressful or dangerous situations

two neurotransmitters that suppress appetite

dopamine and norepinephrine

hypothalamus

controls temp, passing out, reduced appetite

during action potential sodium

increases

space inbetween two neurons

synapse

somatosensery cortext

responsible for processing temp, touch ,and pain

henry gustav molaison

• In 1953, doctors removed parts of his medial temporal lobes, including his hippocampi, to treat severe epilepsy.

• The surgery reduced his seizures, but left him with severe anterograde amnesia (the inability to form new long-term conscious memories).

• His personality, language, and general intelligence remained intact, showing that intellect and memory are separate functions.

if action potiential doubles does speed change

no doubling does not speed up or make action potiental stronger

phineus gage

frontal lobes was effectedonce-responsible worker into an impulsive and erratic individual

Psychology refers to the scientific study of

the mind and behavior.

Psychoanalytic theory

focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experiences, and this particular perspective dominated clinical psychology for several decades

Carl Rogers

emphasized the potential for good that exists within all people, therapeutic technique known as client-centered therapy in helping his clients deal with problematic issues Humanism