Heart and Great Vessels

Sternocostal surface of heart

mostly right ventricle; faces sternum and ribs

diaphragmatic surface

mainly left ventricle; resting on the diaphragm

left pulmonary surface

left ventricle facing left lung

right pulmonary surface

right atrium

posterior surface

based formed by left atrium

Innermost layer of pericardium

Serous pericardiumT

Two layers of serous pericardium (superficial to deep)

parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium

Outermost pericardium

Fibrous pericardium

Layers of heart (deep to superficial)

endocardium, myocardium, visceral layer, pericardial cavity, parietal layer, fibrous pericardium

Auricles

Exterior surfaces that sit on top of atria and provide extra force

Pulmonary circuit

carries blood to and from lungs

systemic circuit

carries blood to and from the rest of the bodies

Three veins that return deoxygenated blood to heart

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Valve in right side of heart

tricuspid valve

Valve in left side of heart

bicuspid valve

Top Left

Left coronary artery (branching off of aorta)

Top right

Left circumflex artery (branches off left coronary artery)

Bottom left

Right coronary artery (branches off of aorta)

Bottom right

Left anterior descending artery (branches off of coronary artery)

What does the right coronary artery supply?

Right atrium, right ventricle, SA and AV nodes, diaphragmatic surface and posterior surface

What does the left anterior descending artery supply?

Left ventricle, left atrium, anterior interventricular septum

Blockage to what vessel is known as the widowmaker?

Left anterior descending artery

Top left

Coronary sinus

Top right

Right coronary artery

Bottom

Posterior descending artery

Great cardiac vein

Top left

Great cardiac vein

Middle left

coronary sinus

Top right

small cardiac vein

bottom right

middle cardiac vein

bottom left

posterior cardiac vein

Ostia

small opening in aorta where blood passes through

What compartment of the heart is this

Right atrium

Top left

Superior vena cava

2nd left

interatrial septum

2nd bottom

fossa ovalis

Top right

auricle

Bottom left

Inferior vena cava

Top right

Pectinate muscles

Bottom right

opening of coronary sinus

Pectinate muscles

Parallel ridges of cardiac muscle in walls of atria

Interatrial septum

thin tissue separating left and right atria

Fossa oval

Small oval depression in atria that used to be an opening

Foramen ovale

hole in atria at birth

Papillary muscles

cone shaped muscles in ventricles

Trabeculae carneae

irregular muscular ridges that line the two ventricles

Chordae tendineae

Heart strings; tough cords of connective tissue that work the valves

Paradoxical emboli

When the foramen ovale doesn’t properly close and blood clots from leg can enter arterial circulation

Top right

Pulmonary trunk

2nd from top right

Pulmonary valve

Right center

papillary muscles

Top left

tricuspid valve

left center

chordae tendineae

Bottom left

trabeculae carneae

Sinoatrial node

In right atrial wall; sets the rhythm through gap junctions; most rapid conduction rate

atrioventricular node

in inferior segment of interatrial septum; signals slows down (fewer gap junctions, smaller diameter fibers)

Atrioventricular bundle

in superior portion of interventricular septum; no gap junctions; connects atria to ventricles

Bundle branches

Along left and right sides of interventricular septum; sends signal to apex of heart

Purkinje fibers

penetrate the apex and then run superiorly in ventricle walls

Five conduction segments

1. Sinoatrial node

2. Atrioventricular node

3. Atrioventricular bundle

4. Bundle branches

5. Purkinje fibers

Sinoatrial node

Atrioventricular node

Atrioventricular bundle

Bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

What are the five great vessels?

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins

What does the aortic branch branch off into? (right to left)

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Left

Brachiocephalic trunk

middle

left common carotid artery

right

left subclavian artery

Branches of the brachiocephalic trunk

Right subclavian artery; right common carotid artery

bottom left

right subclavian artery

Top left

right common carotid artery

right

brachiocephalic trunk

What does the left subclavian artery branch into?

Left vertebral artery and internal thoracic artery

top

left vertebral artery

bottom

internal thoracic artery

What do the common carotid artery branch into?

Internal carotid artery (ascends into skull); external carotid artery (vasuclarizes head and neck)

Left

External carotid artery

top right

internal carotid artery

bottom right

common carotid artery

Top left

Right external jugular vein

Top right

left internal jugular vein

2nd of left

right subclavian vein

3rd on left

superior vena cava

bottom left

axygous vein

bottom right

left brachiocephalic vein

What do veins drain through in superior portion of body?

subclavian and jugular veins

What do subclavian and jugular veins form?

Brachiocephalic veins

What do brachiocephalic veins converge to form?

superior vena cava

left and right venous angles

Venous angles

Where the lymphatic ducts drain

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

the right upper extremities

What does the left lymphatic duct drain and what is it called?

It is called the thoracic duct and drains all the body minus the right upper extremities