medical terminology-CH8

ovaries

Almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; form and store egg cells (ova) and produce the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

ovum

Female egg cell.

graafian follicles

Microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries, each containing an immature ovum.

fallopian tubes

Pair of tubes attached to the uterus providing a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus.

fimbria

Finger-like projections at the free end of the fallopian tube.

uterus

Pear-shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity; functions include menstruation, pregnancy, and labor.

endometrium

Inner lining of the uterus.

myometrium

Muscular middle layer of the uterus.

perimetrium

Outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes fluid to reduce friction.

cervix

Narrow lower portion of the uterus.

vagina

Passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body.

vulva

External genitals of the female, including various structures.

Bartholin glands

Pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, above the vaginal opening.

mammary glands

Milk-producing glands in the breasts.

amenorrhea

Absence of menstrual flow.

cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix.

dysmenorrhea

Painful menstrual flow.

endometriosis

Condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus.

endometritis

Inflammation of the endometrium.

hematosalpinx

Blood in the fallopian tube.

hydrosalpinx

Water in the fallopian tube, causing blockage.

mastitis

Inflammation of the breast.

menometrorrhagia

Excessive bleeding from the uterus at menstruation and between cycles.

menorrhagia

Excessive bleeding at menstruation.

metrorrhagia

Excessive bleeding from the uterus, irregular and out-of-cycle.

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

Irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy.

adenomyosis

Growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus.

Bartholin cyst

Blockage of glands on either side of the vagina, causing a lump.

breast cancer

Malignant tumor of the breast.

cervical cancer

Malignant tumor of the cervix, linked to HPV infection.

myometritis

Inflammation of the uterine muscle.

oligomenorrhea

Scanty or infrequent menstrual flow.

oophoritis

Inflammation of the ovary.

perimetritis

Inflammation surrounding the uterus.

pyosalpinx

Pus in the fallopian tube.

salpingitis

Inflammation of the fallopian tube.

salpingocele

Hernia of the fallopian tube.

vaginitis

Inflammation of the vagina.

vaginosis

Abnormal condition of the vagina caused by bacterial imbalance.

vulvovaginitis

Inflammation of the vulva and vagina.

endometrial cancer

Malignant tumor of the endometrium (also called uterine cancer).

fibrocystic breast changes

Thickening of tissue (fibrosis), benign cysts, and pain or tenderness in one or both breasts caused by monthly hormonal changes.

ovarian cancer

Malignant tumor of the ovary.

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs caused by various pathogens; can lead to infertility.

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Condition characterized by hormonal imbalances, ovulatory dysfunction, and multiple ovarian cysts.

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Symptom complex occurring before menstruation, including nervous tension, irritability, and mastalgia.

toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, and shock, usually affecting menstruating women using tampons.

uterine fibroid

Benign tumor of the uterine muscle, also known as myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma.

uterovaginal prolapse

Dropping of the uterus (and sometimes vagina) due to weakened pelvic muscles.

vaginal fistula

Abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ.

colpocleisis

Surgical closure of the vagina.

colpoperineorrhaphy

Suturing of the vagina and the perineum.

colpoplasty

Surgical repair of the vagina.

colporrhaphy

Suturing of the wall of the vagina.

hymenotomy

Incision into the hymen.

hysterectomy

Excision of the uterus.

hysteropexy

Surgical fixation of the uterus.

mammoplasty

Surgical repair of the breast, which can include enlargement or reduction.

mastectomy

Excision of the breast.

mastopexy

Surgical fixation of the breast.

oophorectomy

Excision of the ovary.

perineorrhaphy

Suturing of a tear in the perineum.

salpingectomy

Excision of the fallopian tube.

salpingo-oophorectomy

Excision of the fallopian tube and the ovary.

salpingostomy

Creation of an artificial opening in the fallopian tube.

trachelectomy

Excision of the cervix.

vulvectomy

Excision of the vulva.

Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphy

Surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and a rectocele.

Conization

Surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for noninvasive cervical cancer.

Dilation and Curettage (D&C)

Surgical procedure to widen the cervix and remove contents from the uterus using a curette.

Endometrial Ablation

Procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy; used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding.

CA-125 Test

Blood test primarily used to monitor treatment for ovarian cancer and detect recurrence.

HPV Test

Cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect high-risk forms of the human papillomavirus.

Pap Test

Cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions to detect abnormal and cancerous cells; used for cervical cancer screening.

Mammography

Radiographic imaging of the breast; can be digital when images are obtained electronically.

Sonohysterography

Visual examination of the uterus using sound, typically involves saline solution injection during the procedure.

Colposcope

Instrument used for visual examination of the vagina and cervix.

Colposcopy

Visual examination (with magnification) of the vagina and cervix.

Hysteroscope

Instrument used for visual examination of the uterus.

Hysteroscopy

Visual examination of the uterus.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Injection of dye or isotope to identify sentinel lymph nodes for examination in breast cancer cases.

Stereotactic Breast Biopsy

Technique that combines mammography and computer assistance to obtain tissue from a breast lesion.

Transvaginal Sonography (TVS)

Ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of reproductive organs.

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

Radiographic image of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast agent.

Mammogram

Radiographic image of the breast.

Myomectomy

Excision of a uterine fibroid (myoma).

Tubal Ligation

Surgical closure of the fallopian tubes for sterilization.

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)

Placement of metal coils into uterine arteries to stop blood flow supplying uterine fibroids.

Leukorrhea

A medical term for a type of vaginal discharge that is often white or yellow in color.

AUB (Abnormal Uterine Bleeding)

A term used to describe irregular bleeding from the uterus that is not related to menstrual cycles.

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

An infection of a woman's reproductive organs which can lead to serious complications if not treated.

FCC (Fibrocystic Breast Changes)

A common condition characterized by benign changes in breast tissue that can cause discomfort.

PMS (Premenstrual Syndrome)

A group of physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the lead-up to a woman's menstrual period.

PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges.

TSS (Toxic Shock Syndrome)

A rare, life-threatening complication of certain bacterial infections often associated with tampon use.

HSG (Hysterosalpingogram)

A type of X-ray used to examine the uterus and fallopian tubes.

TVS (Transvaginal Sonography)

A type of ultrasound that provides images of the female reproductive system.

D&C (Dilation and Curettage)

A surgical procedure used to remove tissue from the inside of the uterus.

TAH/BSO (Total Abdominal Hysterectomy/Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy)

A surgical procedure that removes the uterus and both ovaries along with fallopian tubes.

IUD (Intrauterine Device)

A small, T-shaped device that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.