PSY Chp 1.5 Correlation

What is correlation?

Investigate a link between two measured variables

Correlation is not the same as experiment. Therefore, variables used in correlation cannot be called as —— and —-, and the relationship that found between the variables cannot be called as ——

independent variables, dependent variables, causal relationship / cause-and-effect relationship

Your are able to recognise ——- in correlation

any link found in between two variables

Variables in correlation are described as…

co-variables

Define co-variables

The two measured variables in a correlation

We have two types of correlation. They are…

positive correlation and negative correlation

Positive correlation refers to a relationship in which…

the two variables increase together

Negative correlation refers to a relationship in which…

an increase in one variable correspond with a decrease on the other variable

Correlation coefficient is the…

strength of a correlation

The correlation coefficient ranges from…

-1.0 < x < 1.0

What ranges of correlation coefficient refer to weak correlation?

-1.0 to 0.3

What ranges of correlation coefficient refer to moderate correlation?

0.3 to 0.7

What ranges of correlation coefficient refer to strong correlation?

0.7 to 1.0

Correlation cannot show cause and effect. Hence we can’t use the word …

EFFECT

It is important to remember that in correlational studies should not say one factor —— the change in the other factor.

causes

What are the strengths of correlation? (2)

investigate complicated variables or variables that are unethical to manipulate

identify a link between two variables that can further study via other controlled research methods

What are the limitations of correlation? (3)

do not identify cause-and-effect relationship

less useful applications in research

a third variable present that influences the variables investigated is not considered