Chapter One: The Modern State of Health and Fitness

Chapter One of NASM Certified Personal Training

Obesity

A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body mass index of 30 or higher

What is the fundamental knowledge of taking care of clients?

Human anatomy, physiology, kinesiology, fitness assessments, fitness programs/design, coaching techniques

Kinesiology

Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology

Evidence based practice

A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best soures of external evidence

What are the fundamental components of evidence based practice?

Developing individual professional expertise, best external evidence, client vlaues and expectations

What is the first phase of the OPT model?

Stability endurance

What is the second phase of the OPT model?

Strength endurance

What is the third phase of the OPT model?

Muscle developments

What is the fourth phase of the OPT model?

Maximum strength

What is the fifth phase of the OPT model?

Power

What is the first level of the OPT level?

Stabilization

In the first level what phase is included?

Phase 1

What is the second level of the OPT level?

Strength

What is the third level of the OPT level?

Power

In the second level what phase are included?

Second through fourth phase

In the third level what phase are included?

Fifth phase

Musculoskeletal system

The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body

The Musculoskeletal system is directly related to potential…

risk of injury

Deconditioned

A state of lost physical fitness which may include muscle imbalances decreased flexibility, lack of core and join stability

Overweight

A body greater what is considered within normal standards, a body mass index of 25-29.9

Muscle imbalance

When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length- tension relationship

Someone who is deconditioned, a person may have….

Muscle imbalance, poor flexibility, insufficient endurance, or limited joint stability

Joint Stability

The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.

Socioeconomic Status

The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation

Morbidity

The state of having a disease

Mortailty

A state of risk of death or dying

What is WHO?

World Health Orginization (“World’s Public Health Department”)

According to WHO what does health mean?

A state of complete, physical, mental and social being and not being the absence of disease or infirmity

What does the text define health as?

Not a static condition, it’s every changing condition due to the human body’s need to adjust internal and external situations

Homeostasis

The process by which the human body strives to maintain a stable equilibrium

Define disease

Any abnormal condition that negatively impacts the structure or function of part of the body

What are the two types of diseases?

Chronic disease and Noncommunicable (“not contagious”) disease

What is an acute disease?

Conditions like getting sick from the flu/virus

What is a chronic disease?

Long duration and are a result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behaviorable factors (over 3 months)

What are some common types of Noncommunicable Diseases (NDC)

1. Cardiovascular diseases: Heart Attacks

2. Cancer

3. Chronic respiratory diseases

4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma

5. Diabetes

What is the leading cause of death in men and women?

Coronary Artery Disease

What percent of the nation’s healthcare expenditures are applied toward treating individuals with chronic and mental health conditions?

90%

What is one of the BIGGEST causes of developing chronic health conditions?

Sedentary lifestyle

Define risk factor

Any attribute, characteristic of exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing disease or injury

What greatly increases the risk of developing a chronic disease?

Overweight

What is the formula for BMI?

703xweight in lbs/(height in inches)²

Define Cardiovascular Disease

Numerous problems of the heart and blood vessels

Define a stroke

A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a bloackage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel

Define a heart attack

The action that occues when an artery supplying the heart w/ blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction

Define heart failure

A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Define a heart valve problem

A condition that occues when 1 or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body

Arrhythmia

A problem with the rate or rhythm or a person’s heartbeat. The heart rate beats too fast or w/ an irregular pattern

What is the most common root to cardiovascular diseases?

Ischemic heart disease

Define ischemic heart disease

A category of heart related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle

Define Atherosclerosis

A process by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow

What is the most common heart disease that directly result in heart attacks and strokes?

Atherosclerosis

Define Exercise

Structured/planned form of human movement to elicit a physical adaptation

What are some examples of exercise?

Weightloss, endurance, strength

Define physical activity

Movement that expends energy. Natural movement throughout the day

What are some examples of physical activity?

Walking, yard work, playtime

Define Hypertension

Consistently elevated blood pressure

What is the primary risk factor for heart diease and stroke?

Hypertension